Abstract
The time-dependent population dynamics of hyperfine (HF) levels of n 2 p 3/2 states is examined for cyclic transitions in alkali atoms. We study a slow and cold atomic beam of Na (n = 3) and Cs (n = 6), taking into account the long interaction time of light with atoms (~200 μs) inside the resonant laser beam. Simple analytical expressions for the populations of the excited states and for the intensities of the absorption lines are derived for a three-level system model. We show that at moderate pump laser power the mixing of HF levels is sufficient to form a flow of population from a cyclic transition to partially open transitions. We discuss various phenomena associated with the evolution of optical pumping that cannot be explained by general analysis of two-level system model.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
W. Happer, Rev. Mod. Phys. 44, 169 (1972).
C. Cohen-Tannoudji and A. Kastler, Optical Pumping (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1966).
C. Cohen-Tannoudji, Rev. Mod. Phys. 70, 707 (1998).
B. W. Shore, The Theory of Coherent Atomic Excitation (Wiley, New York, 1990).
I. Sydoryk, N. N. Bezuglov, I. I. Beterov, et al., Phys. Rev. A 77, 04251 (2008).
H. J. Metcalf and P. van der Straten, Laser Cooling and Trapping (Springer, New York, 1999).
J. Alnis and M. Auzinsh, J. Phys. B 34, 3889 (2001).
E. B. Aleksandrov and V. S. Zapasskii, Laser Magnetic Spectroscopy (Nauka, Moscow, 1986) [in Russian].
J. Ulmanis, J. Deiglmayr, M. Repp, R. Wester, and M. Weidemuller, Hem. Rev. 112, 4890 (2012).
A. Camposeo et al., Opt. Commun. 200, 231 (2001).
C. O’Dwyer, G. Gay, B. Viaris de Lesegno, et al., Nanotecnology 16, 1536 (2005).
N. F. Ramsey, Molecular Beams (Clarendon, Oxford, 1989).
Atomic and Molecular Beam Techniques, Ed. by G. Scoles (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 1988).
N. Porfido, F. Fuso, N. N. Bezuglov, A. Ekers, et al., Phys. Rev. A (2015, in press).
R. Garcia-Fernandez, A. Ekers, J. Klavins, L. P. Yatsenko, N. N. Bezuglov, B. W. Shore, and K. Bergmann, Phys. Rev. A 71, 023401 (2005).
L. Allen and J. Eberly, Optical Resonance and Two-Level Atoms (Wiley, New York, 1975).
I. Sobelman, Atomic Spectra and Radiative Transitions (Nauka, Moscow, 1977; Springer, Berlin, 1978).
A. B. Migdal and V. P. Krainov, Approximation Methods in Quantum Mechanics (Nauka, Moscow, 1978; Benjamin, New York, 1969).
M. Bruvelis, J. Ulmanis, N. N. Bezuglov, et al., Phys. Rev. A 86, 012501 (2012).
M. V. Fedoryuk, Method of Saddle Points (Nauka, Moscow, 1963) [in Russian].
S. Stenholm, Foundations of Laser Spectroscopy (Courier Dover, New York, 2005).
L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshits, Course of Theoretical Physics, Vol. 3: Quantum Mechanics: Nonrelativistic Theory (Nauka, Moscow, 1989; Pergamon, New York, 1977).
I. S. Gradshtein and I. M. Ryzhik, Tables of Integrals, Sums, Series, and Products (Fizmatgiz, Moscow, 1971; Academic, New York, 2000).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © M. Bruvelis, A. Cinins, A. Leitis, D.K. Efimov, N.N. Bezuglov, A.S. Chirtsov, F. Fuso, A. Ekers, 2015, published in Optika i Spektroskopiya, 2015, Vol. 119, No. 6, pp. 1038–1049.
The article was translated by the authors.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bruvelis, M., Cinins, A., Leitis, A. et al. Particularities of optical pumping effects in cold and ultra-slow beams of Na and Cs in the case of cyclic transitions. Opt. Spectrosc. 119, 1038–1048 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0030400X1512005X
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0030400X1512005X