Abstract
Using photoinduced light scattering, conoscopy, and Raman spectroscopy methods, we have studied stoichiometric lithium niobate crystals and congruent crystals that were doped with Mg(0.078, 0.89 mas %), Zn(0.03, 0.52, 0.62), Cu(0.015), B(0.12), Gd(0.51), Y(0.46), Gd(0.23):Mg(0.75), Mg(0.86):Fe(0.0036), Ta(1.13):Mg(0.011), and Y(0.24):Mg(0.63) cations. It has been found that, depending on the kind of the pattern of photoinduced light scattering, investigated specimens can be divided into three groups. We have shown that the asymmetry of the indicatrix of photoinduced light scattering of LiNbO3 crystals is caused by birefringence of exciting laser radiation as it propagates perpendicularly to the polar axis of the crystal, whereas the asymmetry of the Raman spectrum arises due to the occurrence of spontaneous polarization, the vector of which is directed along the polar axis, and by birefringence. The pattern of the photoinduced light scattering depends on the difference of the refractive indices Δn = n o − n e of the ordinary (n o ) and extraordinary (n e ) rays and their energies E. If En o {ie259-1} En e , the proportion of the photoinduced light scattering has the shape of a three-layer round spot. For equal energies, the pattern has the shape of a symmetric figure-eight. At En o < En e , the figure-eight is asymmetric. In this case, its large “lobe” is directed in the positive direction of the polar axis of the crystal.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
N. V. Sidorov, T. R. Volk, B. N. Mavrin, and V. T. Kalinnikov, Lithium Niobate: Defects, Photorefraction, Vibrational Spectrum and Polaritons (Nauka, Moscow, 2003) [in Russian].
T. Volk and M. Wohlecke, Lithium niobate. Defects, Photorefraction and Ferroelectric Switching (Springer, Berlin, 2008).
P. Gunter and J. P. Huignard, Photorefractive Materials and Their Applications (Springer, Berlin, 2007).
V. A. Maksimenko, A. V. Syui, and Yu. M. Karpets, Photoinduced Processes in Lithium Niobate Crystals (Fizmatlit, Moscow, 2008) [in Russian].
Yu. S. Kuz’minov, Electrooptical and Nonlinear Optical Lithium Niobate Crystal (Nauka, Moscow, 1987) [in Russian].
A. V. Syui, N. V. Sidorov, and E. A. Antonycheva, Photorefractive Properties and Structural Features of a Nonlinear Optical Lithium Niobate Crystal (DVGUPS, Khabarovsk, 2011) [in Russian].
E. A. Antonycheva, A. V. Syui, N. V. Sidorov, P. G. Chufyrev, and A. A. Yanichev, Zh. Prikl. Spektrosk. 77(1), 89 (2010).
N. V. Sidorov, E. A. Antonycheva, A. V. Syui, and M. N. Palatnikov, Crystallogr. Rep. 55(6), 1019 (2010).
E. A. Antonycheva, A. V. Syui, N. A. Syui, N. V. Sidorov, P. G. Chufyrev, and A. A. Yanichev, Prikladnaya Fiz., No. 5, 26 (2010).
E. A. Antonycheva, N. V. Sidorov, A. V. Syui, N. A. Syui, P. G. Chufyrev, and A. A. Yanichev, Perspektivnye Materialy, No. 5, 36 (2010).
N. V. Sidorov, M. N. Palatnikov, A. A. Yanichev, A. A. Gabain, A. A. Kruk, and V. T. Kalinnikov, Dokl. Phys. Chem. 452(2), 243 (2013).
N. V. Sidorov, A. A. Yanichev, M. N. Palatnikov, and A. A. Gabain, Opt. Spectrosc. 116(2), 281 (2014).
A. V. Syui, N. V. Sidorov, M. N. Palatnikov, and K. Bormanis, Ferroelectrics 417, 53 (2011).
O. Y. Pikoul, N. V. Sidorov, M. N. Palatnikov, and O. V. Makarova, J. Modern Phys., No. 4, 12 (2013).
M. N. Palatnikov, N. V. Sidorov, I. V. Biryukova, O. B. Shcherbina, and V. T. Kalinnikov, Perspektivnye Materialy, No. 2, 93 (2011).
M. N. Palatnikov, S. M. Masloboeva, I. V. Biryukova, O. V. Makarova, N. V. Sidorov, and V. V. Efremov, Zh. Neorg. Khim. 59(3), 318 (2014).
M. N. Palatnikov, I. V. Biryukova, N. V. Sidorov, A. V. Denisov, V. T. Kalinnikov, P. G. R. Smith, and V. Ya. Shur, J. Cryst. Growth 291(2), 390 (2006).
M. N. Palatnikov, I. V. Biryukova, S. M. Masloboeva, O. V. Makarova, D. V. Manukovskaya, and N. V. Sidorov, J. Cryst. Growth 386, 113 (2014).
M. N. Palatnikov, I. V. Biryukova, O. V. Makarova, N. V. Sidorov, O. E. Kravchenko, and V. V. Efremov, Inorg. Mater. 49(3), 288 (2013).
M. N. Palatnikov, I. V. Biryukova, S. M. Masloboeva, O. V. Makarova, O. E. Kravchenko, A. A. Yanichev, and N. V. Sidorov, Inorg. Mater. 49(7), 715 (2013).
O. Yu. Pikoul, J. Appl. Crystallogr. 43, 949 (2010).
O. Yu. Pikoul, L. V. Alekseeva, I. V. Povkh, V. I. Stroganov, K. A. Rudoi, E. V. Tolstov, and V. V. Krishtop, Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Priborostroenie, No. 12, 53 (2004).
N. V. Sidorov, A. V. Syui, M. N. Palatnikov, and V. T. Kalinnikov, Dokl. Phys. Chem. 437(3), 47 (2011).
N. M. Melankholin, Methods of Investigation of Optical Properties of Crystals (Nauka, Moscow, 1970) [in Russian].
A. F. Konstantinov, B. N. Grechushnikov, B. V. Bokut’, and E. G. Valyashko, Optical Properties of Crystals (Nauka i Tekhnika, Minsk, 1995) [in Russian].
A. G. Shtukenberg and Yu. O. Punin, Optical Anomalies in Crystals (Nauka, St. Petersburg, 2004) [in Russian].
Von M. Schubert und B. Wilhelmi, Einführung in Die Nichtlineare Optik (Teubner, Leipzig, 1971; Mir, Moscow, 1973).
N. V. Sidorov, A. V. Syuy, M. N. Palatnikov, D. V. Evstratova, and B. N. Mavrin, Opt. Spectrosc. 110(6), 864 (2011).
V. V. Obukhovskii, Candidate’s Dissertation (Kiev Gos. Univ., 1989).
P. A. Korotkov, V. V. Obukhovskii, and G. N. Dmitrik, Opt. Spektrosk. 52(3), 572 (1982).
G. N. Dmitrik, P. A. Korotkov, and P. S. Radchenko, Opt. Spektrosk. 58(6), 1355 (1985).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © N.V. Sidorov, O.Yu. Pikoul, A.A. Kruk, N.A. Teplyakova, A.A. Yanichev, M.N. Palatnikov, 2015, published in Optika i Spektroskopiya, 2015, Vol. 118, No. 2, pp. 273–282.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sidorov, N.V., Pikoul, O.Y., Kruk, A.A. et al. Complex investigations of structural and optical homogeneities of low-photorefractivity lithium niobate crystals by the conoscopy and photoinduced and Raman light scattering methods. Opt. Spectrosc. 118, 259–268 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0030400X15020174
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0030400X15020174