Abstract
Qualitative and quantitative differences were found between the lipids of cell walls (CW), of whole mycelial cells, and of dormant cells of mucoraceous and ascomycete fungi. Thus, whole mycelial cells (WC) contained more lipids than CW. Unlike sporangiospores and conidia (exogenous dormant spores), zygotes were found to have the highest content of triacylglycerol lipids (70%). Cell walls of mucoraceous fungi contained more triacylglycerols (TAG) and less polar lipids than ascomycete lipids. While all CW and WC studied were similar in fatty acid (FA) composition, their ratio was specific for each structure: linoleic acid predominated in mycelial CW and WC, while oleic acid was predominant in the spores; this difference was especially pronounced in conidial WC. Unlike WC, in CW massive lipids may be represented not by phosphatidylethanolamine (PEA) and phosphatidylcholine (PC), but by free fatty acids (FFA), free (FSt) and etherified sterols (ESt), phosphatidic acid (PA), fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), and glycolipids (GL), which is an indication of a special functional role of CW.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
El Gueddan, N.E., Rauchhaus, U., Moerschbacher, B.M., and Deising, H.B., Developmentally regulated conversion of surface-exposed chitin to chitosan in the cell walls of plant pathogenic fungi, New Physiologist, 2002, vol. 156, pp. 103–112.
Harris, S.D. and Momany, M., Polarity in filamentous fungi: moving beyond the yeast paradigm, Fungal Gen. Biol., 2003, vol. 41, pp. 391–400.
De Groot, P.W.L., Ram, A.F., and Klis, F.M., Features and function of covalently linked proteins in fungal cell walls, Fungal Gen. Biol., 2005, vol. 42, pp. 637–675.
Bowman, S.M. and Free, S.J., The structure and synthesis of fungal cell wall, BioEssays, 2006, vol. 28, no. 8, pp. 799–808.
Klis, F.M., Ram, A.F.J., and De Groot, P.W.J., A molecular and genomic view of the fungal cell wall, in Biology of the Fungal Cell. The Mycota, 2nd ed.,2007, vol. 3, pp. 111–151.
Feofilova, E.P., The fungal cell wall: modern concepts of its composition and biological function, Microbiology (Moscow), 2010, vol. 79, no. 6, pp. 711–720.
Cheng, J., Park, T.S., Fischl, A., and Ye, X.S., Cell cycle progression and cell polarity require sphingolipid biosynthesis in Aspergillus nidulans, Mol. Cell. Biol., 2001, vol. 1, no. 18, pp. 6198–6209.
Mysyakina, I.S. and Feofilova, E.P., The role of lipids in the morphogenetic processes of mycelial fungi, Microbiology (Moscow), 2011, vol. 80, no. 3, pp. 297–306.
Morozova, E.V., Feofilova, E.P., Tereshina, V.M., Kozlov, V.P., and Memorskaya, A.S., RF Patent no. 2177993, 2001.
Sergeeva, Ya.E., Galanina, L.A., Andrianova, D.A., and Feofilova, E.P., Lipids of filamentous fungi as a material for producing biodiesel fuel, Appl. Biochem. Microbiol., 2008, vol. 44, no. 5, pp. 523–527.
Andriyanova, D.A., Sergeeva, Ya.E., Kochkina, G.A., Galanina, L.A., Usov, A.I., and Feofilova, E.P., Filamentous fungi’s cell-wall extraction at different stages of ontogenesis and exploration of their carbohydrate composition, Appl. Biochem. Microbiol., 2011, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 405–411.
Folch, G., Lees, M., and Sloane-Stanley, G.H., A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues, J. Biol. Chem., 1957, vol. 226, no. 1, pp. 497–509.
Feofilova, E.P., Pisarevskaya, I.V., Tolstikova, G.V., and Ushanova, A.E., Cell wall composition of the fungus Absidia coerulea, Microbiology, 1981, vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 617–624.
Kates, M., Techniques of Lipidology: Isolation, Analysis and Identification of Lipids, 2nd ed., Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1986.
Benning, C., Huang, Zh.-K. and Gage, D.A., Accumulation of a novel glycolipid and a betaine lipid in cells of Rhodobacter sphaeroides grown under phosphate limitation, Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 1995, vol. 317, pp. 103–111.
Feofilova, E.P., Chitin production by microscopic fungi, Biol. Nauki, 1981, no. 11, pp. 5–23.
Feofilova, E.P., Ivashechkin, A.A., Alekhin, A.I., and Sergeeva, Ya.E., Fungal spores: dormancy, germination, chemical composition, and role in biotechnology, Appl. Biochem. Microbiol., 2012, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 1–11.
Wang, X., Devaiah, S.P., Zwang, W., and Welty, R., Signaling function of phosphatidic acid, Prog. Lipid Res., 2006, vol. 45, pp. 250–278.
Kreps, E.M., Lipidy kletochnykh membran (Lipids of Cell Membranes), Leningrad: Nauka, 1981.
Beker, M.E., Damberg, B.E., and Rapoport, A.I., Anabioz mikroorganizmov (Anabiosis in Microorganisms), Riga: Zinatne, 1981.
Tereshina, V.M., Memorskaya, A.S., Kochkina, G.A., and Feofilova, E.P., Dormant cells in the developmental cycle of Blakeslea trispora: distinct patterns of the lipid and carbohydrate composition, Microbiology (Moscow), 2002, vol. 71, no. 6, pp. 684–689.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © E.P. Feofilova, Ya.E. Sergeeva, I.S. Mysyakina, D.A. Bokareva, 2015, published in Mikrobiologiya, 2015, Vol. 84, No. 2, pp. 204–211.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Feofilova, E.P., Sergeeva, Y.E., Mysyakina, I.S. et al. Lipid composition in cell walls and in mycelial and spore cells of mycelial fungi. Microbiology 84, 170–176 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0026261715020046
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0026261715020046