Abstract
A fraction of magnetotactic bacteria was isolated by magnetic separation from the water and silt samples collected from the Ol’khovka River (Kislovodsk, Russia). A 16S rRNA clone library was obtained from the total DNA of the fraction by PCR amplification and molecular cloning. Phylogenetic analysis of 67 16S rRNA gene sequences of randomly selected clones demonstrated that two phylotypes of magnetotactic bacteria were present in the library: the first phylotype consisted of 42 sequences and the second one included only one sequence. The remaining 24 sequences belonged to non-magnetotactic bacteria. According to the results of phylogenetic analysis, both phylotypes were magnetotactic cocci; the predominant sequences were almost identical to the 16S rRNA sequence of the freshwater coccus TB24 (X81185.1) identified earlier among the magnetotactic bacteria isolated from Lake Chiemsee (Bavaria). The phylotype represented by a single sequence formed a separate branch in the dendrogram, with 97% similarity between its sequence and that of TB24. The discovered phylotypes formed with the sequences of uncultured freshwater magnetotactic cocci a separate branch within the class Alphaproteobacteria and presumably belonged to a separate family within the recently described order Magnetococcales. Despite the fact that phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA clone library did not reveal any phylotypes of magnetotactic spirilla, after the secondary enrichment of the fraction of magnetotactic bacteria using the “race track” technique, a new strain of magnetotactic spirilla, Magnetospirillum SO-1, was isolated. The closest relative of strain SO-1 was the previously described magnetotactic spirillum Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Blakemore, R., Magnetotactic bacteria, Science, 1975, vol. 80, no. 4212, pp. 377–379.
Bazylinski, D.A. and Frankel, R.B., Magnetosome formation in prokaryotes, Nature Rev. Microbiol., 2004, vol. 2, pp. 217–230.
Arakaki, A., Nakazawa, H., Nemoto, M., Mori, T., and Matsunaga, T., Formation of magnetite by bacteria and its application, J. Royal Soc., 2008, vol. 5, pp. 977–999.
Bazylinski, D.A. and Williams, T., Ecophysiology of magnetotactic bacteria, in Magnetoreception and Magnetosomes in Bacteria, Schuler, D., Ed., Berlin: Springer, 2006.
Blakemore, R., Maratea, D., and Wolfe, R., Isolation and pure culture of a freshwater magnetic spirillum in chemically defined medium, J. Bacteriol., 1979, vol. 140, pp. 720–729.
Schleifer, K.H., Schüler, D., Spring, S., Weizenegger, M., Amann, R., Ludwig, W., and Köhler, M., The genus Magnetospirillum gen. nov., description of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense sp. nov. and transfer of Aquaspirillum magnetotacticum to Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum comb. nov., Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 1991, vol. 14, pp. 379–385.
Bazylinski, D.A., Williams, T., Lefèvre, C.T., Berg, R.J., Zhang, C.L., Bowser, S.S., Dean, A.J., and Beveridge, T.J., Magnetococcus marinus gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine, magnetotactic bacterium that represents a novel lineage (Magnetococcaceae fam. nov.; Magnetococcales ord. nov.) at the base of the Alphaproteobacteria, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2012, vol. 62, pp. 1419–1424.
Meldrum, F.C., Heywood, B.R., Mann, S., Frankel, R.B., and Bazylinski, D.A., lectron microscopy study of magnetosomes in two cultured vibrioid magnetotactic bacteria, Proc. R. Soc. London B, 1993, vol. 251, pp. 237–242.
Sakaguchi, T., Arakaki, A., and Matsunaga, T., Desulfovibrio magneticus sp. nov., a novel sulfate-reducing bacterium that produces intracellular single-domainsized magnetite particles, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2002, vol. 52, pp. 215–221.
Lefèvre, C.T., Menguy, N., Abreu, F., Lins, U., Pósfai, M., Prozorov, T., Pignol, D., Frankel, R. B., and Bazylinski, D.A., A cultured greigite-producing magnetotactic bacterium in a novel group of sulfatereducing bacteria, Science, 2011, vol. 334, pp. 1720–1723.
Amann, R., Ludwig, W., and Schleifer, K.H., Phylogenetic identification and in situ detection of individual microbial cells without cultivation, Microbiol. Rev., 1995, vol. 59, pp. 143–169.
Flies, C., Peplies, J., and Schuler, D., A combined approach for the characterization of uncultivated magnetotactic bacteria from various aquatic environments, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 2005, vol. 71, pp. 2723–2731.
Lefèvre, C.T., Viloria, N., Schmidt, M.L., Pósfai, M., Frankel, R. B., and Bazylinski, D.A., Novel magnetite-producing magnetotactic bacteria belonging to the Gammaproteobacteria, ISME J., 2012, vol. 6, pp. 440–450.
Jogler, C., Wanner, G., Kolinkoa, S., Niebler, M., Amann, R., Petersen, N., Kube, M., Reinhardt, R., and Schüler, D., Conservation of proteobacterial magnetosome genes and structures in an uncultivated member of the deep-branching Nitrospira phylum, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 2011, vol. 108, pp. 1134–1139.
Wolfe, R.S., Thauer, R.K., and Pfennig, N.A., A capillary racetrack method for isolation of magnetotactic bacteria, FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 1987, vol. 45, p. 31.
Bulygina, E.S., Kuznetsov, B.B., Marusina, A.I., Tourova, T.P., Kravchenko, I.K., Bykova, S.A., Kolganova, T.V., and Gal’chenko, V.F., Study of nucleotide sequences of nifH genes in methanotrophic bacteria, Microbiology, 2002, vol. 71, no. 4, pp. 425–432.
Lane, D.J., 16S/23S sequencing, in Nucleic Acid Techniques in Bacterial Systematics, Stackebrandt, E. and Goodfellow, M., Eds., Chichester: Wiley, 1991, pp. 115–175.
Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E.F., and Maniatis, T., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. 2nd ed., New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1989.
Thompson, J.D., Higgins, D.G., and Gibson, T.J., CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, positions-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice, Nucleic Acids Res., 1994, vol. 22, pp. 4673–4680.
DeSantis, T.Z., Hugenholtz, P., Larsen, N., Rojas, M., Brodie, E.L., Keller, K., Huber, T., Dalevi, D., Hu, P., and Andersen, G.L. Greengenes, a chimera-checked 16S rRNA gene database and workbench compatible with ARB, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 2006, vol. 72, pp. 5069–5072.
Tamura, K., Peterson, D., Peterson, N., Stecher, G., Nei, M., and Kumar, S., MEGA5: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods, Mol. Biol. Evol., 2011, vol. 28, pp. 2731–2739.
Wang, Q.G., Garrity, M., Tiedje, J.M., and Cole, J.R., Naïve Bayesian Classifier for rapid assignment of rRNA sequences into the new bacterial taxonomy, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 2007, vol. 73, pp. 5261–5267.
Bryantseva, I.A., Gorlenko, V.M., Kompantseva, E.I., Imhoff, J.F., Suling, J., and Mityushina, L., Thiorodospira sibirica gen. nov., sp. nov., a new alkaliphilic purple sulfur bacterium from a Siberian Soda Lake, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1999, vol. 49, pp. 697–703.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © M.V. Dziuba, T.V. Kolganova, V.M. Gorlenko, B.B. Kuznetsov, 2013, published in Mikrobiologiya, 2013, Vol. 82, No. 3, pp. 344–350.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dziuba, M.V., Kolganova, T.V., Gorlenko, V.M. et al. Species diversity of magnetotactic bacteria from the Ol’khovka River, Russia. Microbiology 82, 335–340 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0026261713030028
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0026261713030028