Abstract
The symbionts of the macronuclei of Paramecium bursaria and P. caudatum, “Holospora curviuscula” 02AZ16 and H. obtusa 88Ti, respectively, were obtained and investigated. The 16S rDNA nucleotide sequences of “Holospora curviuscula” were obtained for the first time. The differences in 16S rDNA (3.4%) suggest their classification within the genus Holospora. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the symbionts revealed that these intranuclear symbionts of the ciliates belonged to the order Rickettsiales, forming within a compact cluster of related species.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ossipov, D.V., Problemy geteromorfizma yader u odnokletochnykh organizmov (Nuclear Heteromorphism in Unicellular Organisms), Leningrad: Nauka, 1981.
Görtz, H.-D. and Brigge, T., Intracellular Bacteria in Protozoa, Naturwissenschaften, 1998, vol. 85, pp. 359–368.
Preer, L.B., Alpha, an Infectious Macronuclear Symbiont of Paramecium Aurelia, Protozool., 1969, no. 16, pp. 570–578.
Ossipov, D.V. and Ivakhnyuk, I.S., Omega Particles, Symbiotic Bacteria from the Micronucleus of the Ciliate Paramecium caudatum Clone MI-48, Tsitologiya, 1972, vol. 14, pp. 1414–1419.
Ossipov, D.V., Skoblo, I.I., and Rautian, M.S., IotaParticles, Macronuclear Symbiotic Bacteria of Ciliate Paramecium caudatum Clone MI 15, Acta Protozool., 1975, no. 4, pp. 263–280.
Ossipov, D.V., Skoblo, I.I., Borkhsenius, O.N., Rautian, M.S., and Podlipaev, S.A., Holospora acuminata sp. n., the Symbiotic Bacterium from the Micronucleus of the Ciliate Paramecium bursaria Focke, Tsitologiya, 1980, vol. 22, no. 7, pp. 922–929.
Gortz, H.-D. and Dieckmann, J., Life Cycle and Infectivity of Holospora elegans Hafkine, a Micronucleus-Specific Symbiont of Paramecium caudatum (Ehrenberg), Protistologica, 1980, no. 16, pp. 591–603.
Borkhsenius, O.N., Skoblo, I.I., and Ossipov, D.V., Holospora curviuscula, a New Species of Symbiotic Bacteria from the Macronucleus of Paramecium bursaria, Tsitologiya, 1983, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 91–97.
Fokin, S.I., Holospora recta sp. nov., a Micronuclear Endobiont of the Ciliate Paramecium caudatum, Tsitologiya, 1991, vol. 33, no. 7, pp. 135–141.
Fokin, S.I. and Sabaneeva, E.V., Release of Endonucleobiotic Bacteria Holospora bacillata and Holospora curvata from the Macronucleus of Their Host Cells Paramecium woodruffi and Paramecium calkinsi, Endocytobiosis Cell Res., 1997, vol. 12, pp. 49–55.
Görtz, H.D., Symbiotic Associations between Ciliates and Prokaryotes, in The Prokaryotes, Dworkin, M., Falkow, S., Rosenberg, E., Schleifer, K.-H., and Stackebrandt, E., Eds., New York: Springer, 2006, vol. 1, pp. 364–402.
Görtz, H.D. and Schmidt, H.J., Holosporaceae, in Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Garrity, G.M., Ed., New York: Springer, 2005, vol. 2, Part C, pp. 146–160.
Podlipaev, S.A. and Ossipov, D.V., Early Stages of Infection of Paramecium caudatum Micronuclei Symbiotic Bacteria-Omega-Particles (Electron Microscopy Examination), Acta Protozool., 1979, vol. 18, pp. 477–491.
Amann, R.I., Springer, N., Ludwig, W., Gortz, H.-D., and Shleifer, K.H., Identification in situ and Phylogeny of Uncultured Bacterial Endosymbionts, Nature, 1991, no. 351, pp. 161–164.
Altschul, S.F., Madden, T.L., Schäffer, A.A., Zhang, J., Zhang, Z., Miller, W., and Lipman, D.J., Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a New Generation of Protein Database Search Programs, Nucleic Acid Res., 1997, no. 25, pp. 3389–3402.
Tamura, K., Dudley, J., Nei, M., and Kumar, S., MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) Software Version 4.0, Mol. Biol. Evol., 2007, no. 24, pp. 1596–1599.
Eschbacha, E., Pfannkuchen, M., Schweikert, M., Drutschmann, D., Brummer, F., Fokin, S., Ludwig, W., and Gortz, H.-D., “Candidatus Paraholospora Nucleivisitans”, an Intracellular Bacterium in Paramecium sexaurelia Shuttles between the Cytoplasm and the Nucleus of Its Host, Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 2009, no. 32, pp. 490–500.
Beier, C.L., Horn, M., Michel, R., Schweikert, M., Gortz, H.-D., and Wagner, M., The Genus Caedibacter Comprises Endosymbionts of Paramecium spp. Related to the Rickettsiales (Alphaproteobacteria) and to Francisella tularensis (Gammaproteobacteria), Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 2002, no. 12, pp. 6043–6050.
Emelyanov, V.V., Mitochondrial Connection to the Origin of the Eukaryotic Cell, Eur. J. Biochem., 2003, no. 270, pp. 1599–1618.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © N.D. Vakkerov-Kouzova, M.S. Rautian, 2011, published in Mikrobiologiya, 2011, Vol. 80, No. 5, pp. 714–718.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Vakkerov-Kouzova, N.D., Rautian, M.S. Obtaining and characterization of “Holospora curviuscula” and Holospora obtusa, bacterial symbionts of the macronuclei of Paramecium bursaria and Paramecium caudatum . Microbiology 80, 728–732 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0026261711050171
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0026261711050171