Abstract
The genes of dichloromethane (CH2C12, DCM) degradation have been characterized in the aerobic degraders “Gottschalkia methylica” DM15, “Ancylobacter dichloromethanicus” DM16, and Methylobac- terium extorquens DM17, isolated from different regions of Russia. The sequencing of the structural gene dcmA of DCM dehalogenase, followed by phylogenetic analysis, showed that the new degraders possess A-type dehalogenases. The DcmAs of the strains DM15 and DM17 were identical to the known orthologous proteins of Methylorhabdus multivorans DM 13 and Methylobacterium dichloromethanicum DM4, respectively. DcmA of the degrader DM16 differed by three amino acid substitutions from DcmA of strain DM4. In agreement with the organization of the cluster of DCM degradation genes in M. dichloromethanicum DM4, the regulatory gene dcmR and the open reading frame orf353, flanking dcmA, were identified in the new degraders. The similarity of DCM degradation genes in aerobic degraders of different taxonomic position and geographical origin suggests their distribution among methylotrophic bacteria by means of horizontal transfer.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Keene, W.C., Khalil, M.A.K., Erikson, III, D.J., McCulloch, A., Graedel, T.E., Lobert, J.M., Aucott, M.L., Gong, S.L., Harper, D.B., Kleiman, G., Midgley, P., Moore, R.M., Seuzaret, C., Sturges, W.T., Benkovitz, C.M., Koropalov, V., Barrie, L.A., and Li, Y.-E, Composite Global Emissions of Reactive Chlorine from Anthropogenic and Natural Sources: Reactive Chlorine Emissions Inventory, Geophys. Res., 1999, vol. 104, pp. 8429–8440.
Vuilleumier, S. and Pagni, M., Bacterial Glutathione S-Transferases: New Lessons from Bacterial Genomes, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 2002, vol. 58, pp. 138–146.
La Roche, S.D. and Leisinger, T., Identification of dcmR, the Regulatory Gene Governing Expression of Dichloromethane Dehalogenase in Methylobacterium sp. DM4, J. Bacteriol., 1991, vol. 173, pp. 6714–6721.
Schmid-Appert, M., Zoller, K., Traber, H., Vuilleumier, S., and Leisinger, T., Association of Newly Discovered IS Elements with the Dichloromethane Utilization Genes of Methylotrophic Bacteria, Microbiology, 1997, vol. 143, pp. 2557–2567.
Trotsenko, Yu.A. and Doronina, N.V., The Biology of Methylobacteria Capable of Degrading Halomethanes, Mikrobiologiya, 2003, vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 149–160 [Microbiology (Engl. Transl.), vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 121-131].
Firsova, J.E., Doronina, N.V., Vuilleumier, S., and Trotsenko, Yu.A., Ancylobacter dichloromethanicus sp. nov.—A New Aerobic Facultatively Methylotrophic Bacterium Utilizing Dichloromethane, Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 2009 (in press).
Firsova, J.E., Doronina, N.V., Vuilleumier, S., and Trotsenko, Yu., Gottschalkia methylica gen. nov., sp. nov, a New Aerobic Facultatively Methylotrophic Bacterium Degrading Dichloromethane, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2009. (in press).
Wilson, K., Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, New York: Wiley, 1997.
Lane, D.J, 16S/23S rRNA Sequencing, Nucleic Acid Techniques in Bacterial Systematics, Stackebrandt, E. and Goodfellow, M., Eds., Chichester: Wiley, 1991, pp. 115–175.
Vuilleumier, S., Ivos, N., Dean, M., and Leisinger, T., Sequence Variation in Dichloromethane Dehalogena-ses/Glutathione S-Transferases, Microbiology (UK), 2001, vol. 147, pp. 611–616.
McDonald, I.R. and Murrell, J.C., The Methanol Dehydrogenase Structural Gene mxaFand Its Use as a Functional Gene Probe for Methanotrophs and Meth-ylotrophs, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 1997, vol. 63, no. 8, pp. 3218–3224.
Van de Peer, Y. and de Wachter, R., TREECON for Windows: A Software Package for the Construction and Drawing of Evolutionary Trees for the Microsoft Windows Environment, Comput. Appl. Biosci., 1994, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 569–570.
Kado, C.I. and Liu, S.-T, Rapid Procedure for Detection and Isolation of Large and Small Plas-mids, J. Bacteriol., 1981, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 1365–1373.
Isidorov, V.A., Organic Chemistry of the Earth’s Atmosphere, Berlin: Springer, 1990.
Dembitskii, V.M. and Tolstikov, G.A., Prirodnye galo-genirovannye organicheskie soedineniya (Natural Halogenated Organic Compounds), Novosibirsk: SO RAN, filial “Geo”, 2003.
Trotsenko, Yu.A. and Torgonskaya, M.L., The Aerobic Degradation of Dichloromethane: Structural-Functional Aspects (A Review), Prikl. Biokhim. Mikrobiol., 2009, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 261–276 [Appl. Biochem. Microbiol. (Engl. Transl.), vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 233-247].
Nikolausz, M., Kappelmeyer, U., Nijenhius, I., Ziller, K., and Kastner, M., Molecular Characterization of Dichloromethane-Degrading Hyphomicrobium Strains Using 16S rDNA and DCM Dehalogenase Gene Sequences, Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 2005, vol. 28, pp. 582–587.
Vuilleumier, S., in Biotechnology for the Environment, Agathos, S. and Reineke, W., Eds., Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic, 2001, vol. 3.
Poelarends, G.J., Kulakov, L.A., Larkin, M.J., van Hylckama Vleig, J.E.T., and Janssen, D.B., Roles of Horizontal Gene Transfer and Gene Integration in Evolution of 1,3-Dichloropropene-and 1,2-Dibromo-ethane-Degradative Pathways, J. Bacteriol., 2000, vol. 182, pp. 2191–2199.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © J.E. Firsova, N.V. Doronina, Yu A. Trotsenko, 2010, published in Mikrobiologiya, 2010, Vol. 79, No. 1, pp. 72–78.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Firsova, J.E., Doronina, N.V. & Trotsenko, Y.A. Analysis of the key functional genes in new aerobic degraders of dichloromethane. Microbiology 79, 66–72 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0026261710010091
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0026261710010091