Skip to main content
Log in

Structure and composition of the sedimentary cover in the Knipovich Rift valley and Molloy Deep (Norwegian-Greenland basin)

  • Published:
Lithology and Mineral Resources Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The multidisciplinary approach is used to analyze the structure of the sedimentary cover in the northern Knipovich Rift valley, Molloy Fracture Zone and synonymous basin, Svyatogor and Hovgard rises, Gorynych Hills, Litvin and Pogrebitskii seamounts, and western slope of the Spitsbergen Archipelago studied in Cruise 24 of the R/V Akademik Nikolaj Strakhov. Materials of the bathymetric survey with multibeam echo sounder, as well as continuous seismic and vertical acoustic profiling, revealed two main (NNW- and NNE-trending) systems of fractures in the neotectonic structure of the region. It was established that a system of NNE-oriented fractures, linear zones of the dominant development of keyboard deformations included, is consistent with the strike of magnetic anomalies reconstructed for this region. Tectonic aspects of the Knipovich Rift and prospects of its further development are considered. Based on the wave field pattern of continuous seismic profiling (CSP) records, four seismocomplexes indicating contrasting sedimentation settings and intense tectonic processes at different formation stages of the northern Norwegian-Greenland Sea are conditionally defined in the sedimentary cover of the study region. It was established the Molloy Fracture Zone is responsible for a system of horizontal reflectors of acoustically transparent structureless light spots (“blankings”) in the upper well-stratified part of the sedimentary section, which are characteristic of areas with ascending pore fluids. The micropaleontological study (palynomorphs of higher plants, dinocysts, planktonic foraminifers, and diatoms) revealed the presence of Miocene assemblages in sediments. Benthic foraminifers include late Paleocene-middle Eocene assemblages. The composition of rock-forming components demonstrates a directed succession of mineral-terrigenous associations from the feldspar-quartz type to mesomictic quartz-graywacke type.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Baturin, D.G., The Western Continental Margin of the Spitsbergen Archipelago, Tectonics, and Sedimentation, in Geologiya osadochnogo chekhla Shpitsbergena (Geology of the Sedimentary Cover of Spitsbergen), St. Petersburg: PGO Sevmorgeologiya, 1986, pp. 126–135.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baturin, D.G., Structure and Geodynamics of the Molloy Transform Fracture Zones in the Mid-Ridge System of the Norway-Greenland Oceanic Basin, Okeanologiya, 1990, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 436–443.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baturin, D.G., Seismostratigraphy of Sedimentary Basins at the West Spitsbergen Continental Margin, Otechest. Geol., 1992, no. 10, pp. 67–74.

  • Blackman, D.K., Cann, J.R., Janssen, B., and Smith, D.K., Origin of Extensional Core Complexes: Evidence from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at Atlantis Fracture Zone, J. Geophys. Res., 1998, vol. 103(21), pp. 21315–21334.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blackman, D.K., Karson, J.A., Kelley, D.S., et al., Geology of the Atlantis Massif (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 30°N): Implications for the Evolution of an Ultramafic Oceanic Core Complex, Mar. Geophys. Res., 23, 2002, pp. 443–469.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bolli, H.M. and Saunders, J.B., Oligocene to Holocene Low Latitude Planktic Forammifera, Plankton Stratigraphy, Cambr. Univ. Press, 1985, pp. 155–262.

  • Boltovskoy, A., Watanabe, S., Totah, V.I., Vera Ocampo, J., Cenozoic Benthic Bathyal Foraminifers of DSDP Site 548 (North Atlantic), Micropaleontology, 1992, vol. 38 no. 2, pp. 183–207.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Braathen, A., Osmundsen, P.T., Nordgulen, — gen-Parallel Extension of the Caledonides in Northern Central Norway: An Overview, Norweg. J. Geol., 2002, vol. 82, pp. 225–241.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brekke, H., The Tectonic Evolution of the Norwegian Sea Continental Margin with Emphasis on the Vöring and Möre Basins, Geol. Soc. London. Spec. Publ., 2000, vol. 167, pp. 327–378.

  • Brekke, H., Sjulstad, H.I., Magnus, C., and Williams, R.W., Sedimentary Environments Offshore Norway—An Overview, Sedimentary Environments Offshore Norway—Palaeozoic to Recent, NPF Spec. Publ., Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2001, vol. 10, pp. 7–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buck, W.R., Modes of Continental Lithospheric Extension, J. Geophys. Res., 1991, vol. 96, pp. 20161–20178.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cann, J.R., Blackman, D.K., Smith, D.K., et al., Corrugated Slip Surfaces Formed at Ridge-Transform Intersections on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Nature, 1997, vol. 385, pp. 329–332.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chamov, N.P., Dobrolyubova, K.O., Peive, A.A., and Sokolov, S.Yu., Signs of the Presence of Gas Hydrates in the Upper Portion of the Sedimentary Cover at Flanks of the Molloy Fracture Zone (Fram Strait, Norway-Greenland Basin), Byull. MOIP. Ser. Geol, 2008, no. 2, pp. 51–60.

  • Coney, P.J., Cordilleran Metamorphic Core Complexes, Geol. Soc. Am. Mem., 1980, vol. 153, pp. 7–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coney P.J., Harms T.A. Cordilleran Metamorphic Complexes: Cenozoic Relics of Mesozoic Compression, Geology, 1984, vol. 12, pp. 550–554.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crane, K., Doss, S., Vogt, P., et al., The Role of the Spitsbergen Shear Zone in Determining Morphology, Segmentation and Evolution of the Knipovich Ridge, Mar. Geophys. Res., 2001, vol. 22, pp. 153–205.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Verteuil, L. and Norris, G., Dinoflagellate Cyst Zonation and Allostratigraphy of the Chesapeake Group, Miocene Dinoflagellate Stratigraphy and Systematics of Maryland and Virginia Micropaleontology, 1996, vol. 42, pp. 1–172.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dor’e, A.G., Lundin, E.R., Birkeland, Tectonic Events in the Evolution of the Northwest European Atlantic Margin, Petroleum Geology of NW Europe, Proc. 5th Conf., London: Geol. Soc., 1999, pp. 41–61.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Dynamics of the Norwegian Margin, Nøttvedt, A., et al., Eds., London: Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 2000, vol. 167.

    Google Scholar 

  • Efimov, V.N., Seismic Air-Operated Wave Transducer, RF Patent No. 2377603 (2008).

  • Eide, E.A., Osmundsen, P.T., Meyer, G.B., et al., The Nesna Shear Zone, North-Central Norway: An 40Ar/39Ar Record of Early Devonian-Early Carboniferous Ductile Extension and Unroofing, Norweg. J. Geol., 2002, vol. 82, pp. 317–339.

    Google Scholar 

  • Faleide, J. I., Solheim, A., Fiedler, A., et al., Late Cenozoic Evolution of the Western Barents Sea — Svalbard Continental Margin, Global Planet. Change, 1996, vol. 12, pp. 53–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fleet A.J. and Boldy, S.A.R., Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe, The Fifth Conference of the Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe, London: Geol. Soc., 1999, no. 1398.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ginsburg, G.D. and Solov’ev, V.A., Submarinnye gazovye gidraty (Submarine Gas Hydrates), St. Petersburg: VNIIOkeangeologiya, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gusev, E.A. and Shkarubo, S.I., Anomalous Structure of the Knipovich Ridge, Russ. J. Earth Sci, 2001, vol. 3(2), pp. 145–161.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gradstein, P.M. and Kaminski, M.A., Taxonomy and Biostratigraphy of New and Emended Species of Cenozoic Deep-Water Agglutinated Foraminifera from the Labrador and North Sea, Micropaleontology, 1989, vol. 35(1), pp. 72–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gradstein, P.M., Kaminski, M.A., Berggren, W.A., et al., Cenozoic Biostratigraphy of the North Sea and Labrador Shelf, Micropaleontology, 1994, Supp., vol. 40, pp. 1–152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gusev, E.A., Issue of the Spitsbergen Continental Margin, in Tektonika i geodinamika: obshchie i regional’nye aspekty (Tectonics and Geodynamics: General and Regional Aspects), Moscow: GEOS, 1999, pp. 229–232.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gusev, E.A., Oligocene Stage of the Tectonic Development of the Greenland Sea, in Kompleksnye issledovaniya prirody Shpitsbergena (Complex Investigations of the Nature of Spitsbergen), Apatity: KNTs RAN, 2005, vol. 5, pp. 157–167.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hansen, H.-E., Amundsen, H. E. F., Snow, J. E., Pedersen, R. B., A Comparison of Peridotites from the Molloy Deep and the Gakkel Ridge with Mantle Xenoliths from Spitsbergen., Geophys. Res. Abstr., 2003, vol. 5, no. 13638.

  • Hartz, E. H., Eide, E. A., Andresen, E. A., et al., 40Ar/39Ar Geochronology and Structural Analysis: Basin Evolution and Detrital Feedback Mechanisms, Hold with Hope Region, East Greenland, Norweg. J. Geol., 2002, vol. 82, pp. 341–358.

    Google Scholar 

  • Head, M.J., Norris, G., and Mudie, P.J., Palynology and Dinocyst Stratigraphy of the Miocene in ODP Leg 105, Hole 645E, Baffin Bay, Proc. ODP, Sci. Res., 1989, pp. 467–514.

  • Hinz, K. and Schluter, H.-U., The Geological Structure of the Western Barents Sea, Mar. Geol., 1978, vol. 26, pp. 199–230.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hulsbos, R.E., Kroon, D., Jansen, H.S.M., and van Hinte, J.E., Lower Eocene Benthic Foraminifera and Paleoenvironment of the Outer Vöring Plateau, Norwegian Sea (DSDP Site 338), Micropaleontology, 1989, vol. 35(3), pp. 256–273.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lister, G.S. and Davis, G.A., The Origin of Metamorphic Complexes and Detachment Faults Formed during Tertiary Continental Extension in the Northern Colorado River Region, U.S.A., J. Struct. Geol., 1989, vol. 11, pp. 65–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lundin, E.R. and Dor’e, A.G., A Tectonic Model for the Norwegian Passive Margin with Implications for the NE Atlantic: Early Cretaceous to Break-Up, J. Geol. Soc., London, 1997, vol. 154, pp. 545–550.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, K.G., Gradstern, P.M., and Berggren, W.A., Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary Agglutinated Benthic Foraminifera in the Labrador Sea, Micropaleontology, 1982, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 1–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mazarovich, A.O., Kratkii tolkovyi slovar anglo- i russkoyazychnykh terminov po tektonike i geomorfologii okeana (Concise Explanatory Dictionary of English and Russian Terms in Tectonics and Geomorphology of Ocean), Moscow: Nauchnyi Mir, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mosar, J., Eide, E.A., Osmundsen, P.T., et al., Greenland-Norway Separation. A Geodynamic Model for the North Atlantic, Norweg. J. Geol., 2002, vol. 82, pp. 281–298.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mudie, P.J., Palynology and Dinoflagellate Biostratigraphy of Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 94, Sites 607 and 611, North Atlantic Ocean, Proc. DSDP, Init. Rep., Washington, DC, 1987, vol. 94, pp. 785–812.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mudie, P.J., Palynology and Dinocyst Biostratigraphy of the Late Miocene to Pleistocene, Norwegian Sea; ODP Leg 104, Sites 642 and 644., Proc. ODP, Sci. Res., 1989, vol. 104, pp. 587–610.

    Google Scholar 

  • Myhre, A. M., Eldholm, O., and Sundvor, E., The Margin between the Senja and Spitsbergen Fracture Zones: Implications from Plate Tectonics, Tectonophysics, 1982, vol. 89, pp. 33–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nagy, J., Kaminski, M.A., Johnsen, K., and Vitlehnner, A.C., Foraminiferal, Palinomorph, and Diatom Biostratigraphy and Paleoenvironments of the Torsk Formation: A Reference Section for the Paleocene-Eocene Transition in the Western Barents Sea, Grzybowski Foundation Spec. Publ., 1997, vol. 5, pp. 15–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nagy, J., Kaminski, M.A., Kuhnt, W., and Bremer, M.A., Agglutinated Foraminifera from Neritic to Bathyal Facies in the Palaeogene of Spitsbergen and the Barents Sea, Proc. Fifth Int. Workshop on Agglutinated Foraminifera, Grzybowski Foundation Spec. Publ., 2000, vol. 7, pp. 333–361.

  • Okino, K., Curewitz, D., Asada, M., et al., Preliminary Analysis of the Knipovich Ridge Segmentation: Influence of Focused Magmatism and Ridge Obliquity on an Ultraslow Spreading System, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 2002, vol. 202, pp. 275–288.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Olesen, O.G., Gellein, J., Habrekke, H., et al., Magnetic Anomaly Map, Norway and Adjacent Ocean Areas, Scale 1: 3 Million, Geol. Surv. Norway, 1997.

  • Osmundsen, P.T., Sommaruga, A., Skilbrei, J.R., and Olesen O., Deep Structure of the Norwegian Sea Area, North Atlantic Margin, Norweg. J. Geol., 2002, vol. 82, pp. 205–224.

    Google Scholar 

  • Osmundsen, P.T., Braathen, A., Nordgulen, O., et al., The Devonian Nesna Shear Zone and Adjacent Gneiss-Cored Culminations, North-Central Norwegian Caledonides, J. Geol. Soc. London, 2003, vol. 160, pp. 1–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parker, J.R., Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe, The Fourth Conference of the Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe, London: Geol. Soc., 1993, no. 1542.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peive, A.A. and Chamov, N.P., Main Features of the Tectonics of the Knipovich Ridge (North Atlantic) and History of Its Evolution at the Neotectonic Stage, Geotektonika, 2008, no. 1, pp. 38–57 [Geotectonics (Engl. Transl.), 2008, no. 1, pp. 31–47].

  • Peive, A.A., Accretion of the Continental Crust during Oblique Spreading, Geotektonika, 2009, no. 2, pp. 5–19 [Geotectonics (Engl. Transl.), 2009, no. 2, pp. 3–15].

  • Poulsen, N.E., Manum, S.B., Williams, G.L., and Ellegaard, M., Tertiary Dinoflagellate Biostratigraphy of Sites 907, 908, and 909 in Norwegian-Greenland Sea, Proc. ODP, Sci. Res., 1996, vol. 151, pp. 255–287.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sokolov, S.Yu., Efimov, V.N., Mazarovich, A.O., et al., Structure of the Sedimentary Cover in the Western African-Antarctic Ridge (Southern Atlantic), Dokl. Akad. Nauk, 1999, vol. 366, no. 2, pp. 231–235 [Dokl. Earth Sci. (Engl. Transl.), 1999, vol. 366, no. 2, pp. 215–218].

    Google Scholar 

  • Savostin, L. A. and Karasik, A.M., Recent Plate Tectonics of the Arctic Basin and of the Northeastern Asia., Tectonophysics, 1981, vol. 74, pp. 111–145.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scherer, R.D. and Kocc, N., Late Paleogene Diatom Biostratigraphy and Paleoenvironments of the Northern Norwegian-Greenland Sea, Proc. ODP, Sci. Res., 1996, vol. 151, pp. 75–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Savostin, L.A. and Baturin, D.G., Seismostratigraphy and Cenozoic History of the Continental Crust of the Greenland Sea at the Southern End of the Spitsbergen Archipelago, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1986, no. 291 (6), pp. 1458–1462.

  • Schroeder, T., John, B.E., Kelley, D., et al., Microstructural Observations of an ‘Oceanic Core Complex’: Atlantis Massif, 30°N Mid-Atlantic Ridge, EOS Trans. AGU, 2001, vol. 82, F1100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skogseid, J., Planke, S., Faleide, J.I., Pedersen, T., Eldholm, O., and Neverdal, F., NE Atlantic Continental Rifting and Volcanic Margin Formation, Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ., 2000, vol. 1, pp. 295–326.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shipilov, E.V., Tectonic-Geodynamic Evolution of Continental Margins of the Arctic during Epochs Young Ocean Formation, Geotektonika, 2004, no. 5, pp. 26–52 [Geotectonics (Engl. Transl.), 2004, no. 5, pp. 21–45].

  • Shipilov, E.V., Shkarubo, S.I., and Raznitsin, Yu.N., Neotectonics of the Northern Norway-Greenland Basin (Specific Features of the Structure and Development of the Knipovich Ridge and Pomor’e Perioceanic Trough), Dokl. Akad. Nauk, 2006, vol. 410, no. 4, pp. 506–511 [Dokl. Earth Sci. (Engl. Transl.), 2006, vol. 410, no. 4, pp. 475–479].

    Google Scholar 

  • Shkarubo, S.I., Specific Features of the Spreading in the Northern Norway-Greenland Basin, in Geologo-geofizicheskie kharakteristiki litosfery Arkticheskogo regiona (Geological-Geophysical Characteristics of Lithosphere in the Arctic Region), St. Petersburg: VNIIOkeangeologiya, 1996, pp. 101–114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shkarubo, S.I., Geodynamic Aspects of the Evolution of the Northern Norway-Greenland Basin, in 25 let na Arkticheskom shel’fe Rossii (25 Years on the Russian Arctic Shelf), St. Petersburg: VNIIOkeangeologiya, 1999, pp. 71–79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shutov, V.D., Mineral’nye paragenezy grauvakkovykh kompleksov (Mineral Parageneses of Graywacke Complexes), Moscow: Nauka, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sklyarov, E.V., Mazukabzov, A.M., and Mel’nikov, A.I., Kompleksy metamorficheskikh yader kordil’erskogo tipa (Complexes of Metamorphic Cores of the Cordillera Type), Novosibirsk: SO RAN, NITs OIGGM, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smelror, M., Pliocene-Pleistocene and Redeposited Dinoflagellate Cysts from the Western Svalbard Margin (Site 986): Biostratigraphy, Paleoenvironments, and Sediment Provenance, Proc. ODP, Sci. Res., 1999, vol. 162, pp. 83–97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sokolov, S.Yu., Tectonic Evolution of the Knipovich Ridge Based on the Anomalous Magnetic Field, Dokl. Akad. Nauk (in press).

  • Talwani, M. and Eldholm, O., Evolution of the Norwegian-Greenland Sea, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 1977, vol. 88, pp. 969–994.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Talwani, M., Udintsev, G., et al., Proc. DSDP, Init. Rep., VI. 38, Washington: U.S. Gov. Printing Office, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tevelev, A.V., Sdvigovaya tektonika. Uchebnoe posobie (Shear Tectonics: Manual), Moscow: Mosk. Gos. Univ., 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thiede, J., Myhre, A. M., Firth, J.V., et al., Cenozoic Northern Hemisphere Polar and Subpolar Ocean Paleoenvironments (Summary of ODP Leg 151 Drilling Results), Proc. ODP, Init. Rep., 1995, vol. 151, pp. 397–420.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thiede, J., Pfirman, S., Schenke, H.W., and Reil, W., Bathymetry of Molloy Deep: Fram Strait between Svalbard and Greenland, Mar. Geophys. Res., 1990, vol. 12, pp. 197–214.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Torske, T. and Prestvik, T., Mesozoic Detachment Faulting between Greenland and Norway: Inferences from Jan Mayen Fracture Zone System and Associated Alkalic Volcanic Rocks, Geology, 1991, vol. 19, pp. 481–484.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Torsvik, T.H., Van der Voo, R., Meert, J.G., et al., Reconstructions of Continents around the North Atlantic at about the 60th Parallel, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 2001, vol. 187, pp. 55–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Valyaev, B.M., Tectonic Control of Oil and Gas Accumulation and Hydrocarbon Degassing of the Earth, in Teoreticheskie i regional’nye problemy geodinamiki (Theoretical and Regional Problems of Geodynamics), Moscow: Nauka, 1999, pp. 222–252.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vanneste, M., Guidard, S., and Mienert J., Bottom Simulating Reflection and Geothermal Gradients across the Western Svalbard Margin, Terra Nova, 2005, vol. 17, pp. 510–516.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vogt, P.R., Geophysical and Geochemical Signatures and Plate Tectonics, The Nordic Seas, New York: Springer, 1986, pp. 413–663.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogt, P.R., Jung, W.Y., and Brozena, J., Arctic Margin Gravity Highs Remain Puzzle, EOS. Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 1998, vol. 79, pp. 601–606.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zaionchek, A.V., Brekke, H., Sokolov, S.Yu., et al., Structure of the Continent-Ocean Transition Zone in the Northwestern Framing of the Barents Sea (Based on Cruises 24, 25, and 26 of the R/V Akademik Nikolai Strakhov, 2006–2009), in Rezul’taty issledovaniya Mezhdunarodnogo polyarnogo goda (Results of the Investigation in the International Polar Year), Moscow: Evrop. Izd., 2010, vol. 4, pp. 107–153.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ziegler, P.A., Post-Hercynian Plate Reorganization in the Tethys and Arctic North Atlantic Domains, Triassic-Jurassic Rifting. Developments in Geotectonics, Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1988, vol. 22, pp. 71–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zaionchek, A.V., Dobrolyubova, K.O., Peive, A.A., et al., New Data on the Structure of the Continental Margin of the Atlantic Ocean West of the Spitsbergen Archipelago, in Geologiya morei i okeanov (Geology of Seas and Oceans), Moscow, 2007, vol. 4, pp. 82–84.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to N. P. Chamov.

Additional information

Original Russian Text © N.P. Chamov, S.Yu. Sokolov, V.V. Kostyleva, V.N. Efimov, A.A. Peive, G.N. Aleksandrova, M.E. Bylinskaya, E.P. Radionova, and S.I. Stupin, 2010, published in Litologiya i Poleznye Iskopaemye, 2010, No. 6, pp. 594–619.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Chamov, N.P., Sokolov, S.Y., Kostyleva, V.V. et al. Structure and composition of the sedimentary cover in the Knipovich Rift valley and Molloy Deep (Norwegian-Greenland basin). Lithol Miner Resour 45, 532–554 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0024490210060039

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0024490210060039

Keywords

Navigation