Abstract
We managed to detect and measure chiral discrimination in the crystalline phase of the continuous solid solution of enantiomers of para-propoxyphenyl glycerol ether. To this end, we performed a series of experiments on the comparison of compositions of saturated solutions above the equilibrium solid phases with those of the solid phases themselves. For the solid solutions it is shown that the chiral discrimination can be quantitatively characterized through the energy difference of the molecules of two enantiomers in the inner crystal environment. For the system under study in the composition range x > 0.8, this value is –1.2 kJ/mol. The results presented demonstrate that according to thermochemical data, the almost ideal behavior of the solid solutions of enantiomers, according to the thermochemical data, can actually conceal significant effects of the chiral discrimination in the solid phase.
REFERENCES
S. A. Shteingolts, A. I. Stash, V. G. Tsirelson, and R. R. Fayzullin. Orbital-free quantum crystallographic view on noncovalent bonding: insights into hydrogen bonds, ⋯ and reverse electron lone pair⋯ interactions. Chem. Eur. J., 2021, 27(28), 7789-7809. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202005497
C. P. Brock, W. B. Schweizer, and J. D. Dunitz. On the validity of Wallachs rule: on the density and stability of racemic crystals compared with their chiral counterparts. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113(26), 9811-9820. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00026a015
Y. Wang and A. M. Chen. Enantioenrichment by crystallization. Org. Process Res. Dev., 2008, 12(2), 282-290. https://doi.org/10.1021/op700239a
G. Levilain and G. Coquerel. Pitfalls and rewards of preferential crystallization. CrystEngComm, 2010, 12(7), 1983. https://doi.org/10.1039/c001895c
H. Lorenz and A. Seidel-Morgenstern. Processes to separate enantiomers. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 2014, 53(5), 1218-1250. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201302823
A. I. Kitaigorodsky. Mixed Crystals. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 1984. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-81672-7
J. Jacques, A. Collet, and S. H. Wilen. Enantiomers, Racemates, and Resolutions. Malabar, FL: Krieger Publishing Company, 1994.
C. Brandel, S. Petit, Y. Cartigny, and G. Coquerel. Structural aspects of solid solutions of enantiomers. Curr. Pharm. Des., 2016, 22(32), 4929-4941. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612822666160720164230
B. Chion, J. Lajzerowicz, D. Bordeaux, A. Collet, and J. Jacques. Structural aspects of solid solutions of enantiomers: The 3-hydroxymethyl- and 3-carboxy-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidinyl 1-oxyl systems as examples. J. Phys. Chem., 1978, 82(25), 2682-2688. https://doi.org/10.1021/j100514a010
F. Baert, R. Fouret, H. A. J. Oonk, and J. Kroon. The carvoxime system. V. X-ray study of a mixed crystal of carvoxime. Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B, 1978, 34(1), 222-226. https://doi.org/10.1107/s0567740878002654
J. Lajzerowicz-Bonneteau, J. Lajzerowicz, and D. Bordeaux. Phase separation: Statics and dynamics in a racemic molecular solid solution. Phys. Rev. B, 1986, 34(9), 6453-6463. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.34.6453
H. E. Gallis, P. J. van Ekeren, J. C. van Miltenburg, and H. A. Oonk. Mixtures of d- and l-carvone. Thermochim. Acta, 1999, 326(1/2), 83-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0040-6031(98)00579-6
J. M. Rollinger and A. Burger. Polymorphism of racemic felodipine and the unusual series of solid solutions in the binary system of its enantiomers. J. Pharm. Sci., 2001, 90(7), 949-959. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.1046
L. Renou, T. Morelli, S. Coste, M.-N. Petit, B. Berton, J.-J. Malandain, and G. Coquerel. Chiral discrimination at the solid state of methyl 2-(diphenylmethylsulfinyl)acetate. Cryst. Growth Des., 2007, 7(9), 1599-1607. https://doi.org/10.1021/cg070075f
N. Wermether, E. Aubin, M. Pauchet, S. Coste, and G. Coquerel. Preferential crystallization in an unusual case of conglomerate with partial solid solutions. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 2007, 18(7), 821-831. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tetasy.2007.03.011
F. G. Vogt, R. C. B. Copley, R. L. Mueller, G. P. Spoors, T. N. Cacchio, R. A. Carlton, L. M. Katrincic, J. M. Kennady, S. Parsons, and O. V. Chetina. Isomorphism, disorder, and hydration in the crystal structures of racemic and single-enantiomer carvedilol phosphate. Cryst. Growth Des., 2010, 10(6), 2713-2733. https://doi.org/10.1021/cg100209v
H. L. de Diego, A. D. Bond, and R. J. Dancer. Formation of solid solutions between racemic and enantiomeric citalopram oxalate. Chirality, 2011, 23(5), 408-416. https://doi.org/10.1002/chir.20943
N. V. Taratin, H. Lorenz, E. N. Kotelnikova, A. E. Glikin, A. Galland, V. Dupray, G. Coquerel, and A. Seidel-Morgenstern. Mixed crystals in chiral organic systems: A case study on (R)- and (S)-ethanolammonium 3-chloromandelate. Cryst. Growth Des., 2012, 12(12), 5882-5888. https://doi.org/10.1021/cg3003405
A. A. Bredikhin, Z. A. Bredikhina, D. V. Zakharychev, A. T. Gubaidullin, and R. R. Fayzullin. Chiral drugtimolol maleate as a continuous solid solution: Thermochemical and single crystal X-ray evidence. CrystEngComm, 2012, 14(2), 648-655. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1ce05850a
A. A. Bredikhin, A. T. Gubaidullin, Z. A. Bredikhina, and R. R. Fayzullin. Crystallographic evidence of side-arm lariat effect in the series of chiral ortho- and para-methoxyphenoxymethyl-15-crown-5 complexes with sodium perchlorate. J. Mol. Struct., 2013, 1032, 176-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2012.07.053
A. A. Bredikhin, D. V. Zakharychev, A. T. Gubaidullin, R. R. Fayzullin, A. V. Pashagin, and Z. A. Bredikhina. Crystallization features of the chiral drug timolol precursor: The rare case of conglomerate with partial solid solutions. Cryst. Growth Des., 2014, 14(4), 1676-1683. https://doi.org/10.1021/cg4017905
O. A. Lodochnikova, L. S. Kosolapova, A. F. Saifina, A. T. Gubaidullin, R. R. Fayzullin, A. R. Khamatgalimov, I. A. Litvinov, and A. R. Kurbangalieva. Structural aspects of partial solid solution formation: Two crystalline modifications of a chiral derivative of 1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one under consideration. CrystEngComm, 2017, 19(48), 7277-7286. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ce01717k
T. Rekis, A. Bērziņš, I. Sarceviča, A. Kons, M. Balodis, L. Orola, H. Lorenz, and A. Actiņš. A maze of solid solutions of pimobendan enantiomers: An extraordinary case of polymorph and solvate diversity. Cryst. Growth Des., 2018, 18(1), 264-273. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.7b01203
A. A. Bredikhin, D. V. Zakharychev, A. T. Gubaidullin, R. R. Fayzullin, A. I. Samigullina, and Z. A. Bredikhina. Crystallization of chiral para-n-alkylphenyl glycerol ethers: phase diversity and impressive predominance of homochiral guaifenesin-like supramolecular motif. Cryst. Growth Des., 2018, 18(7), 3980-3987. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.8b00321
T. Rekis and A. Bērziņš. On the structural aspects of solid solutions of enantiomers: An intriguing case study of enantiomer recognition in the solid state. CrystEngComm, 2018, 20(43), 6909-6918. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ce01245h
L. F. Diniz, P. S. Carvalho, W. da Nova Mussel, M. I. Yoshida, R. Diniz, and C. Fernandes. Racemic salts and solid solutions of enantiomers of the antihypertensive drug carvedilol. Cryst. Growth Des., 2019, 19(8), 4498-4509. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.9b00263
R. R. Fayzullin, O. A. Antonovich, D. V. Zakharychev, Z. A. Bredikhina, A. V. Kurenkov, and A. A. Bredikhin. Synthesis and some features of phase behavior of chiral p-alkoxyphenyl glycerol ethers. Russ. J. Org. Chem., 2015, 51(2), 202-209. https://doi.org/10.1134/s1070428015020116
R. R. Fayzullin, D. V. Zakharychev, A. T. Gubaidullin, O. A. Antonovich, D. B. Krivolapov, Z. A. Bredikhina, and A. A. Bredikhin. Intricate phase behavior and crystal structure features of chiral para-methoxyphenyl glycerol ether forming continuous and partial solid solutions. Cryst. Growth Des., 2017, 17(1), 271-283. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.6b01522
A. A. Bredikhin, D. V. Zakharychev, R. R. Fayzullin, O. A. Antonovich, A. V. Pashagin, and Z. A. Bredikhina. Chiral para-alkyl phenyl ethers of glycerol: synthesis and testing of chirality driven crystallization, liquid crystal, and gelating properties. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 2013, 24(13/14), 807-816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tetasy.2013.05.017
R. R. Fayzullin, H. Lorenz, Z. A. Bredikhina, A. A. Bredikhin, and A. Seidel-Morgenstern. Solubility and some crystallization properties of conglomerate forming chiral drug guaifenesin in water. J. Pharm. Sci., 2014, 103(10), 3176-3182. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.24104
A. A. Bredikhin, D. V. Zakharychev, R. R. Fayzullin, Z. A. Bredikhina, and A. T. Gubaidullin. Conglomerate formative precursor of chiral drug timolol: 3-(4-Morpholino-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yloxy)-propane-1,2-diol. J. Mol. Struct., 2015, 1088, 111-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.02.033
L. Pérez-García and D. B. Amabilino. Spontaneous resolution, whence and whither: From enantiomorphic solids to chiral liquid crystals, monolayers and macro- and supra-molecular polymers and assemblies. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2007, 36(6), 941-967. https://doi.org/10.1039/b610714a
Funding
The work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 22-23-01152).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interests.
Additional information
Russian Text © The Author(s), 2023, published in Zhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii, 2023, Vol. 64, No. 2, 105811.https://doi.org/10.26902/JSC_id105811
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zakharychev, D.V., Gerasimova, D.P. & Fayzullin, R.R. ENERGY ASPECTS OF CHIRAL DISCRIMINATION IN A CONTINUOUS SOLID SOLUTION OF ENANTIOMERS: p-PROPOXYPHENYL GLYCEROL ETHER. J Struct Chem 64, 216–226 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0022476623020063
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0022476623020063