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Diagnostic Potential of Free Blood Choline as a Biomarker of the Physiological Status of the Organism

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Abstract

Choline is an essential nutrient. Mitochondrial dysfunctions, oxidative stress and associated risks of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease, muscular dystrophy, and fetal neural tube pathology are associated with insufficient choline intake. At the same time, excessive consumption of choline is associated with the accumulation in the blood of a uremic toxin—trimethylamine oxide, the bioprecursor of which is not phosphatidylcholine, but free blood choline. The content of choline and its metabolites in blood plasma is associated with different types of vascular pathologies, and allows predicting the severity of cardiovascular and other associated diseases. Contradictory information about the norm and deviations from the norm of the content of free choline in the blood plasma is due to insufficient attention to the stabilization of the content of free choline in the blood plasma at the stages preceding the instrumental analysis. When using EDTA as an anticoagulant and following a cold regimen (not higher than 4°C) immediately after blood sampling and up to instrumental analysis, it is possible to avoid an increase in the concentration of choline in ex vivo plasma.

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Abbreviations

BMI:

body mass index

EDTA:

ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

FMO3:

flavin-containing monooxygenase 3

HDL:

high-density lipoproteins

HPLC-MS/MS:

high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection

HPLC-UV:

high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection

LDL:

low-density lipoprotein

NMR spectroscopy:

nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

SAM:

S-adenosyl methionine

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

TMA:

trimethylamine

TMAO:

trimethylamine oxide

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Funding

This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 22-15-00155).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology, Kuzmolovskoe, Leningrad Region, Russia

    E. I. Savelieva, M. A. Leninskii & N. V. Goncharov

  2. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia

    N. V. Goncharov

Authors
  1. E. I. Savelieva
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  2. M. A. Leninskii
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  3. N. V. Goncharov
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Contributions

Collection of materials (E.I.S., N.V.G., M.A.L.), manuscript writing and editing (E.I.S., N.V.G., M.A.L.), illustrations (M.A.L.).

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Correspondence to E. I. Savelieva.

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Translated by A. Dyomina

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Russian Text © The Author(s), 2023, published in Rossiiskii Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I.M. Sechenova, 2023, Vol. 109, No. 12, pp. 1763–1779https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869813923120099.

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Savelieva, E.I., Leninskii, M.A. & Goncharov, N.V. Diagnostic Potential of Free Blood Choline as a Biomarker of the Physiological Status of the Organism. J Evol Biochem Phys 59, 2228–2241 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S002209302306025X

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S002209302306025X

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