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Distribution of Oxygen Tension on Microvessels and in Tissue of Rat Brain Cortex at Severe Arterial Hypocapnia

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Abstract

Arterial hypocapnia (AH), induced by voluntary or forced hyperventilation of the lungs, is accompanied by a decrease in cerebral blood flow (due to an increase in the arteriole tone) and an increase in the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen. As a result, an oxygen supply to cortical tissue decreases and zones with a critically low oxygen tension (pO2) are formed in brain tissue. The distribution of pO2 in cerebral cortex during AH has not been studied enough. The aim of the work was to evaluate the effectiveness of oxygen supply to brain tissue at the level of arterial and venous microvessels at AH. To do this, the following tasks were set: (1) to study the distribution of the pO2 on the arterial and venous microvessels of the rat cerebral cortex; (2) to analyze tissue pO2 profiles near the walls of these microvessels. On anesthetized Wistar rats under conditions of forced hyperventilation (PaCO2 = 17.1 ± 0.7 mm Hg), the distribution of oxygen tension on the wall of pial and radial arterioles with a lumen diameter of 7–70 µm and on the wall of pial and ascending venules with a lumen diameter of 7–300 µm was studied. In tissue, near the wall of cortical arterioles and venules with a lumen diameter of 10–20 µm, tissue pO2 profiles were measured. Measurements of pO2 during spontaneous breathing of the animal with air served as a control. All pO2 measurements were made using platinum polarographic microelectrodes with a tip diameter of 3–5 µm. Visualization of the electrode tip and microvessels was carried out using a LUMAM-K1 microscope with epiobjectives of the contact type. This work presents for the first-time direct measurements of pO2 on the walls of arterioles and venules of the rat cerebral cortex and in tissues at different distances from the walls of these microvessels at AH. It has been shown that AH results in significant decrease in the oxygen supply to cerebral cortex, that is manifested by a significant drop of the pO2’s on venous microvessels and in tissue in the immediate vicinity of the studied microvessels. It has been shown, that the role of arterioles as a direct source of oxygen to brain tissue, is significantly reduced during arterial hypocapnia. Forced hyperventilation results in significant deterioration of oxygen supply to cerebral cortex, despite elevated pO2 values in the systemic arterial blood and in blood of systemic cerebral veins (sagittal sinus).

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Funding

This work was supported by State Program 47 of the State Program “Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation” (2019-2030), topic 0134-2019-0001.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia

    E. P. Vovenko & I. B. Sokolova

Authors
  1. E. P. Vovenko
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  2. I. B. Sokolova
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Contributions

The idea of the work, conducting experiments, writing and editing the article—E.P.V. Conducting experiments, processing data, discussing the work, preparing a draft of the article—I.B.S.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to E. P. Vovenko.

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COMPLIANCE WITH ETHICAL STANDARDS

The studies were conducted in accordance with the regulations established by the MHSD of the Russian Federation no. 708n of 23.08.10 (“Rules of Laboratory Practice”), Directive 2010/63/EU of the European Parliament and Council of the European Union on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes, and the requirements of the Commission for the Control of the Keeping and Use of Laboratory Animals at the Institute of Physiology named after I.P. Pavlov, Russian Academy of Sciences (protocol no. 09/05 of 05.09.2022). I.P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Minutes no. 09/05 of 05.09.2022).

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Additional information

Translated by A. Dyomina

Russian Text © The Author(s), 2023, published in Rossiiskii Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I.M. Sechenova, 2023, Vol. 109, No. 8, pp. 1068–1079https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869813923080113.

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Vovenko, E.P., Sokolova, I.B. Distribution of Oxygen Tension on Microvessels and in Tissue of Rat Brain Cortex at Severe Arterial Hypocapnia. J Evol Biochem Phys 59, 1392–1401 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0022093023040300

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