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GCaMP, a Family of Single-Fluorophore Genetically Encoded Calcium Indicators

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Abstract

Single-fluorophore genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs), such as GCaMP, are widely used tools to investigate neuronal activity. Their primary advantage lies in their capability to provide real-time and highly sensitive responses to fluctuations in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations. This property is of particular importance when studying neuronal processes and ensembles wherein calcium signals play a crucial role in information transmission. This comprehensive review focuses on the GCaMP family, encompassing an analysis of their various types, distinctive features, and potential applications for visualizing neuronal activity. Special attention is given to the ongoing advancements in GCaMP technology, specifically, the endeavors to expand their spectral properties and enhance their capability to detect high-frequency spike activity.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We are grateful to A.V. Bolshakova for her administrative assistance, and the associates of the Molecular Degeneration Laboratory for their aid and helpful advisory support in writing this article.

Funding

The work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant entitled “A study of in vivo calcium and electrophysiological activity of hippocampal neurons in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease” (state reg. no. 22-75-00028).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia

    A. I. Erofeev, E. K. Vinokurov, O. L. Vlasova & I. B. Bezprozvanny

  2. Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA

    I. B. Bezprozvanny

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  1. A. I. Erofeev
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  2. E. K. Vinokurov
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A.I.E., E.K.V., O.L.V., and I.B.B. equally contributed to the writing and editing of the review article and approved its final version.

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Correspondence to A. I. Erofeev.

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Translated by A. Polyanovsky

Russian Text © The Author(s), 2023, published in Rossiiskii Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I.M. Sechenova, 2023, Vol. 109, No. 7, pp. 819–843https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869813923070038.

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Erofeev, A.I., Vinokurov, E.K., Vlasova, O.L. et al. GCaMP, a Family of Single-Fluorophore Genetically Encoded Calcium Indicators. J Evol Biochem Phys 59, 1195–1214 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0022093023040142

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