Abstract
Hydrocode simulations are carried out using Ansys Autodyn (version 11.0) to study the effects of the liner material (mild steel, copper, armco iron, tantalum, and aluminum) on the shape, velocity, traveled distance, pressure, internal energy, temperature, divergence or stability, density, compression, and length-to-diameter ratio of explosively formed projectiles. These parameters are determined at the instants of the maximum as well as stable velocity during the flight towards the target. The results of these parameters present the potential capability of each liner material used to fabricate explosively formed projectiles. An experimental analysis is performed to study the velocity status and the length-to-diameter ratio of explosively formed projectiles.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
M. Arshad, “Design and Simulate Explosively Formed Projectiles (EFPs),” MS Thesis (Pakistan Inst. Eng. Appl. Sci., Islamabad, Pakistan, 2004).
K. Weimann and A. Blache, “Explosively Formed Projectile with Tantalum Penetrator and Armco Iron Stabilization Base,” in Proc. 18th Int. Symp. on Ballistics, San Antonio, November 15–19, 1999, pp. 603–608.
I. G. Cullis, “Experiments and Modeling in Dynamic Materials Properties: Explosively Formed Projectile Research in a European Collaborative Forum,” in Proc. 13th Int. Symp. on Ballistics, Stockholm, June 1–3, 1992, pp. 457–464.
V. Sharma, P. Kishore, and S. Singh, “An Analytical Approach for Modeling EFP Formation and Estimation of Confident Effect on Velocity,” in Proc. 16th Int. Symp. on Ballistics, San Francisco, September 23–28, 1996, pp. 585–595.
W. Lanz and W. Odermatt, “Penetration Limits of Conventional Large Caliber Anti Tank Guns/Kinetic Energy Projectiles,” in Proc. 13th Int. Symp. on Ballistics, Stockholm, June 1–3, 1992, pp. 225–233.
T. W. Bjerke, G. F. Silsly, and D. R. Scheffler, “Yawed Long Rod Armour Penetration,” Int. J. Impact Eng. 12, 281–292 (1992).
K. Weimann, “Performance of Ta, Cu and Fe EFPs Against Steel Targets,” in Proc. 15th Int. Symp. on Ballistics, Jerusalem, May, 1995, Vol. 2, pp. 399–404.
F. Rondot, “Performance of Ta EFP Simulants,” in Proc. 17th Int. Symp. on Ballistics, 1998, Vol. 3, pp. 81–88.
F. Rondot, “Terminal Ballistics of the EFPs-A Numerical Comparative Study between Hollow and Solid Simulants,” in Proc. 19th Int. Symp. on Ballistics, Interlaken, May 7–11, 2001, pp. 455–461.
G. Gazeaud, “Explosively Formed Projectile: Optimization,” in Proc. 13th Int. Symp. on Ballistics, Stockholm, June 1–3, 1992, pp. 473–479.
B. Janzon, N. Burman, J. Forss, et al., “EFP Modeling by Numerical Continuum Dymanics on Personal Computers—A Comparison between PC-Dyna2D, ZEUS and Autodyn-2D,” in Proc. 13th Int. Symp. on Ballistics, Stockholm, June 1–3, 1992, pp. 457–464.
J. W. Hermann, Ammunition Development and Engineering (Directorate US Army, S. a. 07801).
G. Hussain and K. Sanaullah, “Simulation Studies of Explosive Formed Projectiles (EFPs),” J. Eng. Appl. Sci. 28(2), 11–22 (2009).
D. Davison and A. Nordell, “Hydrocode Analysis of Acceptable Limits on Fabrication of EFP Liners,” in Proc. 15th Int. Symp. on Ballistics, Jerusalem, May 1995, pp. 235–242.
G. Wijk and R. Amiree, “Simulation of High Velocity Impact,” in Proc. 21st Int. Symp. on Ballistics, April 19–23, 2004, pp. 838–844.
H. E. V. Karlsson, “Computer Simulations of Shaped Charge Jet Fragmentation,” in Proc. 20th Int. Symp. on Ballistics, September 23–27, 2002, pp. 557–564.
J. Bucharr, S. Rolc, and J. Pechacek, “Numerical Simulation of the Long Rod Interaction with Flying Plate,” in Proc. 21st Int. Symp. on Ballistics, Adelaide, Australia, April 19–23, 2004, pp. 196–199.
Rondot F., Berner C. “Performance of Aerodynamically Optimized EFP Stimulants,” in Proc. 17th Int. Symp. on Ballistics, Midrand, South Africa, 1998, Vol. 3, pp. 225–232.
S. Pappu and L. E. Murr, “Hydrocode and Micro-Structural Analysis of Explosively Formed Penetrators,” J. Mater. Sci. 37(2), 233–248 (2002).
G. Hussain and K. Sanaullah, “Gradient Valued Profiles of EFP’s Liner Materials with Modified Johnson Cook Model,” NUST J. Eng. Appl. Sci. 2, 78–87 (2009).
G. Hussain and K. Sanaullah, “Computer Simulation Profiles and Velocity Decaying Rates of Explosively Formed Projectiles,” in Proc. 25th Int. Symp. on Ballistics, Beijing, China, 2010, Vol. 1, pp. 714–727.
J. Macmahon, P. Church, M. Filer, et al., “Use of Hydrocode Simulations in the Design of Tantalum EFPs,” in Proc. 18th Int. Symp. on Ballistics, San Antonio, November 15–19, 1999, pp. 520–527.
R. J. Almond and S. G. Murray, “Projectile Attack of Surface Scattered Munitions: Prompt Shock Finite Element Models and Live Trials,” Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 31(2), 83–88 (2006).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © G. Hussain, A. Hameed, J.G. Hetherington, A.Q. Malik, K. Sanaullah.
__________
Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 54, No. 1, pp. 13–24, January–February, 2013.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hussain, G., Hameed, A., Hetherington, J.G. et al. Analytical performance study of explosively formed projectiles. J Appl Mech Tech Phy 54, 10–20 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0021894413010021
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0021894413010021