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Microdomain Engineering in Waveguide and Layered Structures Based on Ferroelectrics for Applications in Photonic Elements (Brief Review)

  • OPTICS AND LASER PHYSICS
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Studies of ferroelectric nano- and microdomain structures formed in LiNbO3-based optical waveguides are reviewed. Nanodomain structures of a given configuration have been written in an LNOI (LiNbO3-on-insulator) waveguide sandwich with the polar (Z) orientation by the field of an atomic force microscope tip and their properties have been studied. The static conductivity σDW of domain walls has been detected and estimated by an original method based on the characteristics of the atomic force microscopy writing of domains. The estimated value σDW ≈ 8 × 10–4 (Ω cm)–1 is at least 12 orders of magnitude higher than the bulk conductivity of LiNbO3. Microdomain gratings with given periods have been written in He:LiNbO3 and Ti:LiNbO3 planar optical waveguides formed on nonpolar (X and Y) surfaces of a crystal by the electron beam method. Studies of the nonlinear optical conversion of radiation in written structures have demonstrated that the optimal characteristics of the waveguide conversion to the second harmonic are reached when the depth of written domains Td corresponds to the thickness of the waveguide layer. The depth Td is specified by the accelerating voltage U of a scanning electron microscope.

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Funding

This work was supported in part by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project nos. 16-29-11777-ofi_m, 16-29-14046-ofi_m, and 16-02-00439_a). T.R. Volk, R.V. Gainutdinov, and Ya.V. Bodnarchuk acknowledge the support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (state assignment for the Federal Scientific Research Centre Crystallography and Photonics, Russian Academy of Sciences) for the study of structures written in He+-LiNbO3. Ya.V. Bodnarchuk acknowledges the support of the Council of the President of the Russian Federation for State Support of Young Scientists and Leading Scientific Schools (project no. MK-1675.2021.1.2) for the calculation of exposure dependences in the He+-Li-NbO3 waveguide. S.M. Shandarov acknowledges the support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (state assignment no. FEWM-2020-0038/3 for 2020–2022) for the analysis of the efficiency of the SHG waveguide geometry in the planar waveguide with the exponential refractive index profile.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Federal Scientific Research Centre Crystallography and Photonics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333, Moscow, Russia

    T. R. Volk, Ya. V. Bodnarchuk & R. V. Gainutdinov

  2. Institute of Microelectronic Technology and Ultra-High-Purity Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432, Chernogolovka, Moscow region, Russia

    L. S. Kokhanchik

  3. Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics, 634050, Tomsk, Russia

    S. M. Shandarov

Authors
  1. T. R. Volk
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  2. Ya. V. Bodnarchuk
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  3. R. V. Gainutdinov
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  4. L. S. Kokhanchik
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  5. S. M. Shandarov
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Correspondence to Ya. V. Bodnarchuk.

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Translated by R. Tyapaev

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Volk, T.R., Bodnarchuk, Y.V., Gainutdinov, R.V. et al. Microdomain Engineering in Waveguide and Layered Structures Based on Ferroelectrics for Applications in Photonic Elements (Brief Review). Jetp Lett. 113, 769–779 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0021364021120122

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