Abstract
Results obtained during the determination of the solubility limit of carbon in metal based on the detection of the time instant of the nucleation of the new phase, graphene, have been considered. Graphene is easily detected by the surface-sensitive methods of thermionic emission and electron Auger spectroscopy. It has been shown that the nucleation of the first graphene islands and the formation of the graphene monolayer covering the whole surface and even the multilayer graphite film on it can be used as the time instant of the phase transition depending on the sensitivity of the method. The solubility limits differ by many times depending on the determination method. This indicates the physical ambiguity of this physical characteristic of the double systems analogous in physical meaning to the pressure of the saturated vapor for the phase transitions in the one-component systems.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
T. B. Massalski, in Physical Metallurgy, Ed. by W. Cahn (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1965).
Y. Jones, The Theory of Brillouin Zones and Electronic States in Crystals (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1960).
R. H. Fowler and E. A. Guggenhein, Statistical Thermodynamics (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1939).
State Diagrams of Binary Metallic Systems, The Handbook, Ed. by N. P. Lyakishev (Mashinostroenie, Moscow, 1966), Vol. 1 [in Russian].
M. Guttmann and D. McLean, in Interfacial Segregation, Ed. by W. C. Johnson and J. M. Blakely (American Society for Metals, Metal Park, Ohio, 1979), p. 261.
N. R. Gall, Tech. Phys. Lett. 27, 589 (2001).
N. B. Gorina, V. P. Polyakova, and E. M. Savitsky, in General Regularities in Diagram Structure of Metallic Systems State (Nauka, Moscow, 1973), p. 176 [in Russian].
Y. J. Bhatt, R. Venkataramani, and S. P. Garg, J. Less-Common Met. 132, 121 (1987).
E. Fromm and E. Gebhardt, Gase und Kohlenstoff in Metallen (Springer, Berlin, 1976), p. 340.
M. R. Nadler and C. P. Kempter, J. Phys. Chem. 64, 1468 (1960).
B. P. Burylev, Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Tsvetn. Metallurg. 5, 112 (1969).
N. R. Gall, E. V. Rut’kov, and A. Ya. Tontegode, Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 11, 1865 (1997).
R. R. Nair, P. Blake, A. N. Grigorenko, et al., Science 320, 1308 (2008).
B. Kuzmenko, E. van Heumen, F. Carbone, and D. van der Marel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 117401 (2008).
E. V. Rut’kov, A. V. Kuz’michev, and N. R. Gall, Phys. Solid State 53, 1092 (2011).
E. V. Rut’kov and A. Ya. Tontegode, Phys. Solid State 38, 351 (1996).
E. V. Rut’kov, A. V. Kuz’michev, and N. R. Gall, JETP Lett. 93, 151 (2011).
H. J. Goldschmidt, Interstitial Alloys (Plenum, New York, 1967), Vol. 1, p. 87.
N. R. Gall, S. N. Mikhailov, E. V. Rut’kov, and A. Ya. Tontegode, Surf. Sci. 191, 185 (1987).
K. J. Rawlings, S. D. Foulias, and B. J. Hopkins, Surf. Sci. 109, 513 (1981).
N. A. Kholin, E. V. Rut’kov, and A. Ya. Tontegode, Surf. Sci. 139, 155 (1984).
E. V. Rut’kov and N. R. Gall, Bull. Russ. Acad. Sci.: Phys. 73, 667 (2009).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © E.V. Rut’kov, N.R. Gall, 2013, published in Pis’ma v Zhurnal Eksperimental’noi i Teoreticheskoi Fiziki, 2013, Vol. 98, No. 6, pp. 375–379.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rut’kov, E.V., Gall, N.R. Physical ambiguity of the notion of the solubility limit by the example of its determination using the formation of graphene on the surface in the Re-C system. Jetp Lett. 98, 335–338 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0021364013190090
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0021364013190090