Abstract
A phase transition leading to the transformation of a graphene layer into a multilayer graphite film at the surface of a carbonized metal has been experimentally studied on the atomic level under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions. It has been shown that this process is governed by dynamic equilibrium between edge atoms of graphene islands and a chemisorbed carbon phase, two-dimensional carbon “gas,” and is observed in the temperature range of 1000–1800 K. The features of the phase transition at the surfaces Ni(111), Rh(111), and Re(10-10) are similar, although the specific kinetic characteristics of the process depend on the properties of the substrate. It has been shown that change in the emissivity of the substrate after the formation of a multilayer graphite film increases the rate of the phase transition and leads to a temperature hysteresis.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A. Ya. Tontegode, Progress Surf. Sci. 38, 201 (1991).
N. R. Gall, E. V. Rut’kov, and A. Ya. Tontegode, Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 11, 1865 (1997).
E. V. Rut’kov and A. Ya. Tontegode, Surf. Sci. 161, 373 (1985).
M. Eizenberg and J. M. Blakely, Surf. Sci. 82, 228 (1979).
Hu Zi-Pu, D. F. Ogletree, M. A. Van-Hove, and G. A. Somorjai, Surf. Sci. 180, 433 (1987).
A. R. Ubbelohde and F. A. Lewis, Graphite and its Crystal Compounds (Clarendon, Oxford, 1960).
A. R. Ubellohde, Proc. R. Soc. A 327, 289 (1972).
M. S. Dresselhaus and G. Dresselhaus, Adv. Phys. 30, 139 (1981).
E. Fromm and E. Gebhardt, Gase und Kohlenstoff in Metallen (Springer, Berlin, 1976).
H. P. Boehm, R. Setton, and E. Stumpp, Pure Appl. Chem. 66, 1894 (1994).
E. V. Castro, K. S. Novoselov, S. V. Morozov, et al., J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 22, 175503 (2010).
K. S. Novoselov, ECS Trans. 19(5), 3 (2009).
A. K. Geim and K. S. Novoselov, Nature Mater. 6, 183 (2007).
S. V. Morozov, K. S. Novoselov, and A. K. Geim, Usp. Fiz. Nauk 178, 776 (2008) [Phys. Usp. 51, 744 (2008)].
K. S. Novoselov, D. Jiang, F. Schedin, et al., PNAS 102, 10451 (2005).
A. H. Castro Neto, F. Guinea, N. M. R. Peres, et al., Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 109 (2009).
K. S. Novoselov, S. V. Morozov, T. M. G. Mohinddin, et al., Phys. Status Solidi B 244, 4106 (2007).
K. S. Novoselov, P. Blake, and M. I. Katsnelson, Graphene: Electronic Properties, Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2008), pp. 1–6.
E. V. Rut’kov and A. Ya. Tontegode, Fiz. Tverd. Tela 29, 1306 (1987) [Sov. Phys. Solid State 29, 747 (1987)].
E. Y. Gillet, Less-Common. Met. 71, 277 (1980).
G. Panzner and W. Piekmann, Surf. Sci. 160, 253 (1985).
Z. Waqar, I. V. Makarenko, A. N. Titkov, et al., J. Mater. Res. (JMR) 19, 1058 (2004).
I. V. Makarenko, A. N. Titkov, E. V. Rut’kov, N. R. Gall’, Izv. RAN, Ser. Fiz. 71, 57 (2007).
A. Ya. Tontegode and E. V. Rut’kov, Usp. Fiz. Nauk 163, 57 (1993) [Phys. Usp. 36, 1053 (1993)].
V. N. Ageev, A. Ya. Tontegode, E. V. Rut’kov, and N. A. Kholin, Fiz. Tverd. Tela 23, 2248 (1981) [Sov. Phys. Solid State 23, 1315 (1981)].
N. R. Gall, S. N. Mikhailov, E. V. Rut’kov, and A. Ya. Tontegode, Surf. Sci. 191, 185 (1987).
E. V. Rut’kov, A. Ya. Tontegode, M. M. Usufov, and N. R. Gall’, Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 62, 148 (1992) [Sov. Tech. Phys. 37, 1038 (1992)].
E. V. Rut’kov, A. V. Kuz’michev, and N. R. Gall’, in Proceedings of the Internat. Symposium on Physics of Low-Dimensional Systems LDS 2 (2010), p. 153.
E. V. Rut’kov, A. Ya. Tontegode, and Yu. S. Grushko, Pis’ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 57, 712 (1993) [JETP Lett. 57, 724 (1993)].
E. V. Rut’kov, A. V. Kuz’michev, and N. R. Gall’, Fiz. Tverd. Tela, No. 11 (2011, in press).
N. R. Gall’, N. P. Lavrovskaya, E. V. Rut’kov, and A. Ya. Tontegode, Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 74, 105 (2004) [Tech. Phys. 49, 245 (2004)].
G. V. Samsonov and I. M. Vinnitskii, Refractory Compounds (Metallurgiya, Moscow, 1976) [in Russian].
L. N. Dobretsov and M. V. Gomoyunova, Emission Electronics (Nauka, Moscow, 1966) [in Russian].
L. Z. Kriksunov, Manual on Infrared Technique Foundations (Sovetskoe Radio, Moscow, 1978) [in Russian].
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © E.V. Rut’kov, A.V. Kuz’michev, N.R. Gall, 2011, published in Pis’ma v Zhurnal Eksperimental’noi i Teoreticheskoi Fiziki, 2011, Vol. 93, No. 3, pp. 166–170.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rut’kov, E.V., Kuz’michev, A.V. & Gall, N.R. Graphene-graphite phase transition at the surface of a carbonized metal. Jetp Lett. 93, 151–154 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0021364011030131
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0021364011030131