Abstract
Nanostructured titanium disilicide (TiSi2) powders with semiconducting properties have been prepared via cold fusion of silicon and titanium nanopowders and mechanochemical activation of TiSi2 powders prepared by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis. The semiconducting properties of TiSi2 have been shown to be determined by the nanocrystallite size. Basic to the formation of TiSi2 as a semiconductor material is a change in its band structure upon the conversion of the conductor to a semiconductor. The transformation takes place when the crystallite size decreases from microns to the nanometer range (≤70 nm). Such crystallites are nanoclusters with distorted order in the arrangement of the silicon and titanium atoms.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Tret'yakov, Yu.D. and Gudilin, E.A., Main directions in basic and applied research on nanomaterials, Usp. Khim., 2005, vol. 78, no. 9, pp. 867–888.
Rittner, M.N., Market analysis of nanostructured materials: new data, Proc. 4th Conf. Fine, Ultrafine and Nano Particles 2004, Chicago, 2004.
Suzdalev, I.P., Nanotekhnologiya. Fiziko-khimiya nanoklasterov, nanostruktur i nanomaterialov (Nanotechnology: Physical Chemistry of Nanoclusters, Nanostructures, and Nanomaterials), Moscow: KomKniga, 2006, p. 592.
Fujishima, A., Hashimoto, K., and Watanabe, T., TiO 2 Photocatalysis. Fundamentals and Applications, Tokyo: BKC, 1999.
Lin Yongjing, Zhou Sa, Liu Xiaohua, Sheehan Stafford, and Wang Dunwei, TiO2/TiSi2 heterostructures for high-efficiency photoelectrochemical H2O splitting, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2009, vol. 131, no. 8, pp. 2772–2773.
Sa Zhou, Xiaohua Liu, and Dunwei Wangm Si/TiSi2 heteronanostructures as high-capacity anode materials for Li ion batteries, Nano Lett., 2010, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 860–863.
Ritterskamp, P., Kuklya, A., and Wüstkamp, M.A., Titanium disilicide derived semiconducting catalyst for water splitting under solar radiation—reversible storage of oxygen and hydrogen, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2007, vol. 46, no. 41, pp. 7770–7774.
Kovalevskii, A.A., Labunov, V.A., Strogova, A.S., and Komar, O.M., Obtaining and application areas of nanostructured powders of silicon and titanium disilicide, Eng. Technol., 2015, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 13–22.
Zuwei Liu, Wenbo Hou, Prathamesh Pavaskar, Mehmet Aykol, and Stephen, B., Cronin plasmon resonant enhancement of photocatalytic water splitting under visible illumination, Nano Lett., 2011, no. 3, pp. 1111–1116.
Fujishima, A. and Honda, K., Electrochemical photolysis of water at a semiconductor electrode, Nature, 1972, vol. 238, pp. 37–38.
US Patent 0 043 877, 2010.
Kovalevskii, A.A., Tsybul’skii, V.V., Vlasukova, L.A., Strogova, A.S., Luchenok, A.R., and Strogova, N.S., A mechanism of water splitting on semiconductor titanium disilicide prepared by combining mechanical activation and self-propagating high-temperature synthesis, Mater. Tekhnol. Instrum., 2012, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 48–53.
Kovalevskii, A.A., Strogova, A.S., Tsybul’skii, V.V., et al., Nanostructured TiSi2 solid solution as a photocatalyst for water splitting, Nano-Mikrosist. Tekh., 2011, no. 1, pp. 6–13.
Kovalevskii, A.A., Vlasukova, L.A., Strogova, A.S., Luchenok, A.R., Shevchenok, A.A., and Tsybul’skii, V.V., Nanoparticulate titanium disilicide: synthesis, structure, and properties (part 1), Nano-Mikrosist. Tekh., 2012, no. 5, pp. 15–21.
Kovalevskii, A.A., Vlasukova, L.A., Strogova, A.S., Luchenok, A.R., Shevchenok, A.A., and Tsybul’skii, V.V., Nanoparticulate titanium disilicide: synthesis, structure, and properties (part 2), Nano-Mikrosist. Tekh., 2012, no. 6, pp. 6–11.
Kovalevskii, A.A., Labunov, V.A., Dolbik, A.V., Saurov, A.N., Basaev, A.S., and Strogova, A.S., Distinctive features of hydrogen synthesis through water splitting on micro- and nanostructured silicon powders, Inzh.-Fiz. Zh., 2008, vol. 81, no. 3, pp. 587–591.
Kovalevskii, A.A., Strogova, A.S., Borisevich, V.M., et al., Water splitting on mixtures of silicon and titanium micro- and nanopowders, V Rossiiskaya konferentsiya “Fizicheskie problemy vodorodnoi energetiki” (V Russian Conf. Physical Problems in Hydrogen Energy Development), St. Petersburg, 2009, pp. 23−24.
Kovalevskii, A.A., Tsybul’skii, V.V., Strogova, A.S., et al., Composition and structure of titanium disilicide prepared by combining mechanical activation and selfpropagating high-temperature synthesis, Mater. Tekhnol. Instrum., 2011, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 37–42.
Klimov, V.V., Photosynthesis and biosphere, Soros. Obraz. Zh., 1996, no. 8, pp. 6–13.
Kovalevskii, A.A., Labunov, V.A., and Strogova, A.S., Preparation and application areas of nanostructured silicon and titanium disilicide powders, Mater. Tekhnol. Instrum., 2014, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 27–35.
Ogarev, V.A., Rudoi, V.M., and Dement’eva, O.V., Hydrogen generation and photocatalysis of water splitting on titanium dioxide, Materialovedenie, 2008, no. 5, pp. 47–55.
Merzhanov, A.G., Samorasprostranyayushchiisya vysokotemperaturnyi sintez: dvadtsat' let poiskov i nakhodok (Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis: Twenty Years of Search and Discoveries), Chernogolovka: Inst. of Structural Macrokinetics, Russ. Acad. Sci., 1989.
Kontseptsiya razvitiya samorasprostranyayushchegosya vysokotemperaturnogo sinteza kak oblasti nauchno-tekhnicheskogo progressa (Concept of the Development of Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis as a Science and Technology Progress Area), Merzhanov, A.G., Ed., Chernogolovka: Territoriya, 2003.
Boldarev, V.V., Application of mechanochemistry for creating “dry” technological processes, Soros. Obraz. Zh., 1997, no. 12, pp. 48–52.
Boldarev, V.V., Mechanochemistry and mechanical activation of solid substances, Usp. Khim., 2006, vol. 75, no. 3, pp. 203–216.
Ukhanov, Yu.I., Opticheskie svoistva poluprovodnikov (Optical Properties of Semiconductors), Moscow: Nauka, 1977.
Murarka, S.P., Silicides for VLSI Applications, New York: Academic, 1983.
Ma, Z. and Allen, L.H., Kinetic mechanism of the C49-to-C54 polymorphic transformation in titanium disilicide thin films: a microstructure-scaled nucleation–mode transition, Phys. Rev., 1994, vol. 49, no. 19, pp. 501–511.
Strogova, A.S., Kovalevskii, A.A., and Komar, O.M., Thermodynamic analysis of main reactions in the silicon–titanium system during self-propagating hightemperature synthesis, AASCIT J. Mater., 2015, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 123–127.
Mahammadi, F. and Saraswat, K.C., Properties of sputtered tungsten silicide for MOS integrated circuit application, J. Electrochem. Soc., 1980, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 102–103.
Sze, S.M., Physics of Semiconductor Devices, New York: Wiley Interscience, 1981, pp. 848–849.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © A.A. Kovalevskii, O.M. Komar, 2016, published in Neorganicheskie Materialy, 2016, Vol. 52, No. 10, pp. 1060–1068.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kovalevskii, A.A., Komar, O.M. Nanostructured titanium disilicide powders: Preparation by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis and mechanochemical processes and physicochemical properties. Inorg Mater 52, 990–997 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0020168516090090
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0020168516090090