Skip to main content
Log in

The Growth of Submillimeter Spherules on a Graphite Surface Under Prolonged Heating

  • HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER AND PHYSICAL GASDYNAMICS
  • Published:
High Temperature Aims and scope

Abstract

The process of formation and growth of carbon protrusions of various shapes up to 0.3 mm in size on the surface of graphite samples kept at a temperature of ~3 kK for ~103 s in argon at a pressure of ~50 kPa is described. Possible mechanisms for the formation of protrusions (spherules) are discussed; it is assumed that an important role in these processes can be played by the emission of carbon microparticles from the sample.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 6.

REFERENCES

  1. Asinovskii, E.I., Kiselev, V.I., Mendeleev, V.Ya., Polishchuk, V.P., and Skovorod’ko, S.N., Preprint of the Joint Inst. High Temp., Russ. Acad. Sci., no. 1-474., Moscow, 2004.

  2. Asinovskii, E.I., Kiselev, V.I., Mendeleev, V.Ya., Pol-ishchuk, V.P., and Skovorod’ko, S.N., High Temp., 2006, vol. 44, no. 3, p. 396.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Asinovskii, E.I., Kiselev, V.I., Lubnin, E.N., Mendeleev, V.Ya., Polishchuk, V.P., Samoilov, I.S., and Skovorod’ko, S.N., Preprint of the Joint Inst. High Temp., Russ. Acad. Sci. no. 1-495, Moscow, 2007.

  4. LaRosa, M., Ann. Phys., 1911, no. 1, p. 95.

  5. Watts, O.P. and Mendenhall, C.E., Phys. Rev. (Ser. I), 1911, vol. 33, no. 1, p. 65.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. Deryagin, B.V. and Fedoseev, D.V., Rost almaza i grafita iz gazovoi fazy (Growth of Diamond and Graphite from the Gas Phase), Moscow: Nauka, 1971.

  7. Amirov, R.Kh., Kiselev, V.I., Mendeleev, V.Ya., Polistchook, V.P., Samoilov, I.S., and Skovorod’ko, S.N., High Temp., 2016, vol. 54, no. 5, p. 644.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Latyev, L.N., Petrov, V.A., Chekhovskoi, V.Ya., and Shestakov, E.N., Izluchatel’nye svoistva tverdykh materialov. Spravochnik (Emissive Properties of Solid Materials: Handbook) Sheindlin, A.E., Ed., Moscow: Energiya, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Polishchuk, V.P., Samoilov, I.S., Amirov, R.Kh., and Kiselev, V.I., High Temp., 2018, vol. 56, no. 3, p. 327.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Polishchuk, V.P., Samoilov, I.S., Amirov, R.Kh., Kirillin, A.V., and Kiselev, V.I., High Temp., 2020, vol. 58, no. 2, p. 197.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Bacon, R., J. Appl. Phys., 1960, vol. 31, no. 2, p. 283.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. Basset, J.J., Phys. Radium, 1939, vol. 10, p. 217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Wagner, R.S. and Ellis, W.C., Appl. Phys. Lett., 1964, vol. 4, no. 5, p. 89.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. Frank, F.C., Discuss. Faraday Soc., 1949, vol. 5, p. 48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Nesmeyanov, A.N., Davlenie para khimicheskikh elementov (Vapor Pressure of Chemical Elements), Moscow: Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1961.

  16. Fizicheskie velichiny. Spravochnik (Physical Quantities: Handbook), Grigor’ev, I.S. and Meilikhov, E.Z., Eds., Moscow: Energoatomizdat, 1991.

  17. Spitsyn, V.I. and Troitskii, O.A., Elektroplasticheskaya deformatsiya metallov (Electroplastic Deformation of Metals), Moscow: Nauka, 1985.

  18. Svoistva konstruktsionnykh materialov na osnove ugleroda. Spravochnik (Properties of Structural Materials Based on Carbon: Handbook), Sosedov, V.P., Ed., Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Velikhanov, A.R., Semiconductors, 2010, vol. 44, no. 2, p. 137.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. Whittaker, A.G. and Kintner, P.L., Carbon, 1976, vol. 14, p. 257.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Sivuhin, D.V., Obshchij kurs fiziki. Mekhanika (General Course of Physics: Mechanics) Moscow: Nauka, 1979.

  22. Kogan, M.N., Dinamika razrezhennogo gaza (Dynamics of Rarefied Gas), Moscow: Nauka, 1967.

  23. Samoilov, I.S., Emel’yanov, A.V., Eremin, A.V., Polishchuk, V.P., and Amirov, R.Kh., Usp. Prikl. Fiz., 2019, vol. 7, no. 4, p. 366.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors are grateful to G.E. Valyano, who took photographs of the samples with an electron microscope.

Funding

The experiments presented in this work were carried out with partial financial support from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grants no. 01-02.16537 and no. 06-08-00056a).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to V. P. Polishchuk or I. S. Samoylov.

Ethics declarations

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Polishchuk, V.P., Samoylov, I.S., Amirov, R.K. et al. The Growth of Submillimeter Spherules on a Graphite Surface Under Prolonged Heating. High Temp 60, 513–522 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0018151X22030154

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0018151X22030154

Navigation