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The Solar Activity Index for the Critical Frequency of the E-Layer at Subauroral Latitudes

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Abstract

Based on the analysis of data from subauroral ionospheric stations during daytime hours with low geomagnetic activity, it was found that the index P = 0.5(F1 + F81) is the optimal solar activity index for the daily values of the E-layer critical frequency foE, where F1 and F81 are the solar radio flux at a wavelength of 10.7 cm on a given day and the average of this flux over 81 days. The standard deviations σ of the foE dependence on P are at their maximum for winter. The σ value in this season for the Salekhard and Lycksele stations, which are located at the Arctic Circle and near it, is significantly greater than for the Leningrad station. Substituting the P index into the IPG, IRI, or NeQuick models allows these models to be used for the calculation of daily foE values. Based on the preliminary analysis, it was found that the NeQuick model is more accurate than the IPG and IRI models for winter and equinoxes. For summer, these models have approximately the same accuracy with a slight advantage of the IPG model. For the Salekhard and Lycksele stations in winter at foE < 2 MHz, even the NeQuick model underestimates the foE values by approximately 0.2 MHz on average. The search for the causes of this property of the ionosphere requires special consideration.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors thank the World Data Center for Solar-Terrestrial Physics, UK, for the foE data of ionospheric stations and solar activity indices (http://www.ukssdc.ac.uk/wdcc1/) and the World Data Center for Geomagnetism, Japan, for the ap index data (http://wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp/).

Funding

The study was supported in part by the Russian Science Foundation (RSF) under the scientific project no. 20-72-10 023.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation, Russian Academy of Sciences (IZMIRAN), Moscow, Troitsk, Russia

    M. G. Deminov

  2. Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia

    D. D. Rogov

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  1. M. G. Deminov
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  2. D. D. Rogov
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Correspondence to M. G. Deminov.

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Translated by M. Chubarova

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Deminov, M.G., Rogov, D.D. The Solar Activity Index for the Critical Frequency of the E-Layer at Subauroral Latitudes. Geomagn. Aeron. 62, 582–589 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016793222050048

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