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Tracking IMF Fluctuations Nearby Sun Using Wavelet Analysis: Parker Solar Probe First Encounter Data

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Abstract

The Parker Solar Probe (PSP) satellite was launched by NASA in 2018 to study the Sun’s environment from a closer distance than any spacecraft has ever reached before, revealing new insights about our star. Based on past few encounters data, numerous crucial findings have been already discovered; the data collected by the probe during each encounter is serving a unique opportunity to enhance our current understanding of solar behaviour. In the present work, we studied fluctuations on interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) (B) and its components, Bx, By, and Bz, from 0.50 AU (when PSP moved towards the Sun) to 0.17 AU (closest distance covered by PSP from the Sun) to 0.50 AU (when PSP moved back from the Sun) using continuous and discrete wavelet analysis. Continuous wavelet analysis presented localization of abrupt changes in both time and frequency domains. It revealed high power short-term fluctuations between 0.30 AU (when PSP moved towards the Sun) to 0.30 AU (when PSP moved back from the Sun) with key periodicity in the range of 4 to 64 hours. However, Bx showed high-power long-term fluctuation between 0.34 AU (when PSP moved towards the Sun) to 0.40 AU (when PSP moved back from the Sun) on a timescale of 128–256 hours, which was not reported before. Further, we decomposed the data into high and low-frequency signals using discrete wavelet transform (DWT), and the result revealed significant fluctuations on the IMF when the PSP was moving around the closest distance (0.17 AU). CWT and DWT emerged as sophisticated statistical methods capable of detecting variations in solar wind data in order to gain a better understanding of a specific solar event period and uncover scientific understanding about solar behavior near the Sun.

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5. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We want to acknowledge Stuart D. Bale, UC Berkeley Space Science Laboratory, and Natalia Papitashvili, GSFC, NASA, for providing data used in this work via the PSP data explorer platform CDAWeb: https://cdaweb. gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/eval1.cgi. All the datasets used for this work can be assessed from the CSAWeb through the website previously mentioned.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Central Department of Physics, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal

    S. P. Gautam

  2. Patan Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Lalitpur, Nepal

    A. Silwal & P. Poudel

  3. Goldengate International College, Kathmandu, Nepal

    A. Bashyal

  4. Kailali Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Dhangadhi, Nepal

    K. Chaudhary

  5. Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal

    M. Khanal, M. Karki & N. P. Chapagain

  6. Prithvi Narayan Campus, Pokhara, Nepal

    B. Ale

  7. Department of Physics, St. Xavier College, Maitighar, Kathmandu, Nepal

    B. Adhikari

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AUTHOR’S CONTRIBUTION

The authors S.P. Gautam, A. Silwal, and B. Adhikari combinedly developed the idea of this manuscript. S.P. Gautam and A. Silwal have worked on the overall preparation of the manuscript; they have major contributions to the computational and data analysis parts. A. Basyal, K. Chaudhary, M. Khanal, and B. Ale have prepared the introduction and methodology sections. P. Paudel and M. Karki have worked on grammar corrections, and adding necessary information in all the sections. This work was conducted under the regular guidance of the research advisors, B. Adhikari and N.P. Chapagain.

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Gautam, S.P., Silwal, A., Bashyal, A. et al. Tracking IMF Fluctuations Nearby Sun Using Wavelet Analysis: Parker Solar Probe First Encounter Data. Geomagn. Aeron. 62, 138–150 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016793222020074

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