Abstract
A method is proposed for the determination of the height profiles of the electron-plasma frequency based on vertical-sounding ionograms with allowance for additional reflections of signals from the E2 layer and the sporadic Es layer. Two versions of the calculation of the profile for the E region are considered: with the parabolic model of electron density and with profiles from the IRI model. A method is proposed for the correction of models with allowance for the presence of the E2 and Es layers. The calculations demonstrate that nearly coinciding profiles in the F region, regardless of the model used for the E region, were obtained when the E2 and Es stratifications or their combinations were taken into account. The electron density valley in the interlayer EF region is absent in all calculations that take into account the E2 layer. In the presence of data on the absorption of signals reflecting from the E layer, additional correction of profiles from the IRI model is possible with these data. A method is proposed for such correction with the maximum change in the profile in the D region. The performed test of the technique based on data from four ground-rocket experiments demonstrates good agreement between the calculated profiles (in particular, with allowance for the E2 layer) and rocket measurements of the electron density in the E region.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
The Lowell GIRO Data Center (LGDC) contains more than 17 million ionograms and ne(h) profiles calculated with the NHPC software based on data from the world network of ionospheric VS stations (http://giro.uml.edu/, http://giro.uml.edu/sao-explorer. html).
REFERENCES
Bilitza, D., Altadill, D., Truhlik, D., et al., International reference ionosphere 2016: From ionospheric climate to real-time weather predictions, Space Weather, 2017, vol. 15, pp. 418–429. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016SW001593
Biryukov, A.V., Danilkin, N.P., Denisenko, P.F., et al., Photochemistry of the lower F region and structural parameters of the ionosphere according to data from comprehensive ground-based and rocket experiments, Kosm. Issled., 1980, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 748–753.
Danilkin, N.P., Denisenko, P.F., and Sotsky, V.V., Peculiarities of the inverse problems of vertical radio sounding of the ionosphere, Adv. Space Res., 1988, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. (4)91–(4)94.
Danilkin, N.P., Denisenko, P.F., Rudakov, V.A., Sotsky, V.V., Faer, Yu.N., and Vodolazkin, V.I., Results of joint measurements of electron density and effective electron collision frequency in the ionosphere using rocket and ground-based radio methods during the launches of Vertikal geophysical rockets, in Raketnoe zondirovanie verkhnei atmosfery i ionosfery do vysoty 1500 km. Sb. statei (Rocket Sounding of the Upper Atmosphere and Ionosphere up to 1500 km: Collection of Papers), Rostov-on-Don: Rostov. univ., 1989, pp. 42–49.
Denisenko, P.F. and Sotsky, V.V., Peculiarities of inverse problems of vertical sounding of the ionosphere (review), Izv. Sev.-Kavk. Nauchn. Tsentra Vyssh. Shk., Estestv. Nauki, 1987, no. 2, pp. 59–71.
Denisenko, P.F. and Sotsky, V.V., Reconstruction of the height profiles of the electron concentration based on vertical sounding data with the IRI model, Geomagn. Aeron. (Engl. Transl.), 2019, vol. 59, no. 6, pp. 726–737. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016793219050037
Denisenko P.F., Maltseva O.A., Sotsky V.V., Correction of electron density profiles in the low ionosphere based on the data of vertical sounding with the IRI model correction of electron density profiles in the low ionosphere based on the data of vertical sounding with the IRI model, Geomagn. Aeron. (Engl. Transl.), 2018, vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 237–244. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016793218020068
Handbook. The Ionosphere and its Effects on Radiowave Propagation. A guide with background to ITU-R procedures for radio planners and users, Geneva, Switzerland: International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication Bureau, 1998.
Hudson, D., Statistics (Lectures on Elementary Statistics and Probability), Geneva: CERN, 1964; Moscow: Mir, 1970.
Paul, A.K., Use of virtual-height slopes for determination of electron density profiles, Radio Sci., 1967, vol. 2, no. 10, pp. 1195–1204.
Recommendation ITU-R P.533-14 (08/2019): Method for the prediction of the performance of HF circuits, 2019. https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-P.533-14-201908-I/en.
Reinisch, B.W. and Huang, X., Automatic calculation of electron density profiles from digital ionograms. 3. Processing of bottomside ionograms, Radio Sci., 1983, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 477–492.
U.R.S.I. Handbook of Ionogram Interpretation and Reduction, Rep. UAG-23A, Revision of chapters 1–4, Piggott, W.R. and Rawer, K., Eds., Boulder, Colo.: World Data Center A for Solar–Terrestrial Physics, NOAA, 1978.
Zabotin, N.A., Wright, J.W., and Zhbankov, G.A., NeXtYZ: Three-dimensional electron density inversion for dynasonde ionograms, Radio Sci., 2006, vol. 41, RS6S32. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005RS003352
Zhbankov, G.A. and Zabotin, N.A., Reconstruction of the three-dimensional distribution of electron density from dynasonde-21 ionograms, Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Sev.-Kavk. Reg., Estestv. Nauki, 2009, no. 2, pp. 52–56.
Funding
The study was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within the framework of the state contract in the area of scientific activity no. 0852-2020-0015.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Translated by A. Nikol’skii
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Denisenko, P.F., Sotsky, V.V. Reconstruction of Electron-Density Height Profiles Based on Vertical Sounding Data under Multistratification of the E Region. Geomagn. Aeron. 61, 743–755 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016793221040058
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016793221040058