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Spatial and Temporal Properties of the Solar Cycle from RATAN-600 Microwave Observations

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Abstract—

The study involves the obtainment of regular tracers of the solar cycle in the radio range by activity manifestations in the chromosphere and corona. Our research method consists of the systematic processing of the RATAN-600 radio data at frequencies 3–18 GHz obtained during more than one cycle of solar activity and their comparison with other databases of time series characterizing the magnetic activity of the Sun at the photospheric level. In the first phase of this work, we identified an array of approximately 600 active regions that evenly covers all phases of solar cycle 24 in approximately 9 years, for which we reliably identified the local radio sources based on RATAN-600 data, as well as data from other databases, such as spacecraft of the Space Weather Prediction Center of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Solar Dynamics Observatory. The sample is statistically homogeneous and evenly distributed over solar latitudes in both hemispheres. The statistical relationships between the sunspot areas and the parameters of intensity and polarization of local radio sources are obtained. It is shown how the spectral flux density of local radio sources in the chromosphere and corona at different frequencies increases with the increase in the sunspot area (and, consequently, the magnetic flux). The estimates of exponents of this dependence are obtained.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank the RATAN-600 operations department. We used data from Learmonth (https://www.sws.bom.gov.au/Solar) and SWPC NOAA (https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/ solar-region-summary). We are grateful to the reviewer for the careful reading of the manuscript and helpful remarks.

Funding

A.V. Shendrik and T.I. Kaltman acknowledge the support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research for the primary processing of observations, project no. 18-29-21016. A.V. Shendrik and K.M. Kuzanyan acknowledge the support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research for the further processing and analysis of observations as well as comparison with cyclic activity, project no. 19-32-50046 mol_nr. K.M. Kuzanyan would like to acknowledge support from Russian Foundation for Basic Research grant 18-52-34004. Observations on the RATAN-600 telescope are supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation. The work was carried out as part of the state tasks of the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere, and Radio Wave Propagation approved by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Special Astrophysical Observatory, St. Petersburg Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia

    A. V. Shendrik, V. M. Bogod, T. I. Kaltman & E. A. Kurochkin

  2. Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radiowave Propagation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

    A. V. Shendrik & K. M. Kuzanyan

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  1. A. V. Shendrik
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  2. V. M. Bogod
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  3. K. M. Kuzanyan
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  4. T. I. Kaltman
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  5. E. A. Kurochkin
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Correspondence to A. V. Shendrik.

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Translated by O. Pismenov

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Shendrik, A.V., Bogod, V.M., Kuzanyan, K.M. et al. Spatial and Temporal Properties of the Solar Cycle from RATAN-600 Microwave Observations. Geomagn. Aeron. 60, 999–1006 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016793220080216

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