Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Cosmic Rays during Forbush Effects in March 1989 and March 1991: Spectra of Variation, Anisotropy, and Variations of Geomagnetic Cutoff Rigidity

  • Published:
Geomagnetism and Aeronomy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Two Forbush effects that occurred during geomagnetic storms in March 1989 and March 1991 are analyzed based on ground-based measurements of cosmic rays at a global network of stations via spectrographic global survey. The rigidity spectra and variation spectra are presented, as well as the pitch-angle anisotropy of cosmic rays at different phases of the development of Forbush effects and variations in the planetary system of geomagnetic cutoff rigidities. It is shown that, when the variation spectra are approximated by a power-law function of particle rigidity in the range of 10–50 GV, the spectrum index in the phase of maximum modulation is softer than in the decline and recovery phases of cosmic-ray intensity. The distance to the subsolar point and the radius of the ring current, as well as the contribution of the ring current to variations in the geomagnetic cutoff rigidity and the Dst index, are determined within an axisymmetric model of the Earth’s limited magnetosphere that takes into account the magnetopause currents and ring current.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  1. Ahluwalia, H.S., Ygbuhay, R.C., and Duldig, M.L., Two intense Forbush decreases of solar activity cycle 22, Adv. Space Res., 2009, vol. 44, pp. 58–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2009.04.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Allen, J., Frank, L., Reiff, P., and Sauer, H., Effects of the march1989 solar activity, EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 1989, vol. 70, no. 46, pp. 1479–1488. https://doi.org/10.1029/89EO00409

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Belov, A., Abunin, A., Abunina, M., Eroshenko, E., Oleneva, V., Yanke, V., Papaioannou, A., Mavromichalaki, H., Gopalswamy, N., and Yashiro, S., Coronal mass ejections and non-recurrent Forbush decreases, Sol. Phys., 2014, vol. 289, no. 10, pp. 3949–3960. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-014-0534-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Belov, A.V., Eroshenko, E.A., Abunina, M.A., Abunin, A.A., Oleneva, V.A., and Yanke, V.G., Behavior of the cosmic ray density during the initial phase of the Forbush effect, Geomagn. Aeron. (Engl. Transl.), 2016, vol. 56, no. 6, pp. 645–651. https://doi.org/10.7868/S0016794016060055

  5. Bolduc, L., GIC observations and studies in the Hydro-Quebec power system, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 2002, vol. 64, no. 16, pp. 1793–1802. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6826(02)00128-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Dvornikov, V.M., Sergeev, A.V., and Sdobnov, V.E., Analysis of cosmic ray pitch-angle anisotropy during the June 1972 Forbush effect by method of spectrographic global survey, in Proc. 18th ICRC, Bangalore, 1983, vol. 3, pp. 249–252.

  7. Dvornikov, V.M. and Sdobnov, V.E., Variations in the rigidity spectrum and anisotropy of cosmic rays at the period of Forbush effect on 12–15 July, Int.J. Geomagn. Aeron., 2002, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 217–226.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Dvornikov, V.M., Kravtsova, M.V., and Sdobnov, V.E., Diagnostics of the electromagnetic characteristics of the interplanetary medium based on cosmic ray effects, Geomagn. Aeron. (Engl. Transl.), 2013, vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 430–440. https://doi.org/10.7868/S001679401304007X

  9. Feynman, J. and Hundhausen, A.J., Coronal mass ejections and major solar flares: The great active center of March 1989, J. Geophys. Res., 1994, vol. 99, no. A5, pp. 8451–8464.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Forbush, S.E., On the effects in the cosmic-ray intensity observed during the recent magnetic storm, Phys. Rev., 1937, vol. 51, pp. 1108–1109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Fujii, R., Fukunishi, H., Kokubun, S., Sugiura, M., Tohyama, F., Hayakawa, H., Tsuruda, K., and Okada, T., Field-aligned current signatures during the March 13–14, 1989, great magnetic storm, J. Geophys. Res., 1992, vol. 97, no. A7, pp. 10703–10715. https://doi.org/10.1029/92JA00171

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Hofer, M.Y. and Flückiger, E.O., Cosmic ray modulation during the 24 March 1991 Forbush decreases, in Proc. 25th ICRC, Durban, South Africa, 1997, vol. 1, pp. 401–404.

  13. Hofer, M.Y. and Flückiger, E.O., Cosmic ray spectral variations and anisotropy near Earth during the March 24, 1991, Forbush decrease, J. Geophys. Res., 2000, vol. 105, no. A10, pp. 23085–23097.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. http://center.stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp/WDCCR.

  15. http://satdat.ngdc.noaa.gov./sem/goes/data/new_avg/.

  16. Kappenman, J.G. and Albertson, V.D., Bracing for the geomagnetic storms, IEEE Spectrum, 1990, vol. 27, no. 33, pp. 27–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Kichigin, G.N. and Sdobnov, V.E., Geomagnetic cutoff rigidities of cosmic rays in a model of the bounded magnetosphere with the ring current, Geomagn. Aeron. (Engl. Transl.), 2017, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 132–136. https://doi.org/10.7868/S0016794017020043

  18. Kravtsova, M.V. and Sdobnov, V.E., Analysis of Forbush decreases during strong geomagnetic disturbances in March–April 2001, Astron. Lett., 2014, vol. 40, no. 8, pp. 519–525. https://doi.org/10.7868/S0320010814070043

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Kravtsova, M.V. and Sdobnov, V.E., Cosmic rays during great geomagnetic storms in cycle 23 of solar activity, Geomagn. Aeron. (Engl. Transl.), 2016, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 143–150. https://doi.org/10.7868/S0016794016020103

  20. Kravtsova, M.V. and Sdobnov, V.E., Analyzing the June 2015 Forbush effect by the spectrographic global survey, Bull. Russ. Acad. Sci.: Phys., 2017, vol. 81, no. 2, pp. 177–179. https://doi.org/10.7868/S0367676517020259

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Le, G.M., Ye, Z.H., Gong, J.H., Tan, Y.H., Lu, H., and Tang, Y.Q., Time determination of March 1991’s CME hitting magnetosphere, in Proc. 28th ICRC, Tsukuba, Japan, 2003, pp. 3601–3604.

  22. Livada, M., Mavromichalaki, H., and Plainaki, C., Galactic cosmic ray spectral index: The case of Forbush decreases of March 2012, Astrophys. Space Sci., 2018, vol. 363, no. 8, p. 9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-017-3230-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Melkumyan, A.A., Belov, A.V., Abunina, M.A., Abunin, A.A., Eroshenko, E.A., Oleneva, V.A., and Yanke, V.G., Recurrent and sporadic Forbush decreases during solar cycles 23–24, J. Sol.–Terr. Phys., 2019, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 28–34. https://doi.org/10.12737/szf-51201904

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Nagatsuma, T., Kataoka, R., and Kunitake, M., Estimating the solar wind conditions during anextreme geomagnetic storm: A case study of the event that occurred on March 13–14, 1989, Earth Planets Space, 2015, vol. 67, id 78. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-015-0249-4

  25. Smart, D.F., Shea, M.A., Fluckiger, E.O., and Sanahuja, B., Solar, interplanetary, and geomagnetic phenomena in March 1991 and their association with spacecraft and terrestrial problems, Proc. Suppl. Nucl. Phys. B, 1995, vol. 39A, pp. 26–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/0920-5632(95)00004-S

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Tsubouchi, K. and Omura, Y., Long-term occurrence probabilities of intense geomagnetic storm events, Space Weather, 2007, S12003. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007SW000329

  27. Venkatesan, D., Decker, R.B., Krimigis, S.M., Mathews, T., and Sarris, E.T., The great Forbush decrease of March 1989 and interplanetary energetic particle environment, in Proc. 21th ICRC, Adelaide, Australia, 1990, pp. 247–250.

Download references

6. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The results were obtained with the equipment of the Angara Collective Use Center (http://ckp-rf.ru/ckp/3056/) and the Unique Scientific Installation of the Russian National Ground-Based Cosmic Ray Station Network (CRS Network).

Funding

The study was carried out as part of the basic funding of the Fundamental Scientific Research Program II.16.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Solar–Terrestrial Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033, Irkutsk, Russia

    M. V. Kravtsova, S. V. Olemskoy & V. E. Sdobnov

Authors
  1. M. V. Kravtsova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. V. Olemskoy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. V. E. Sdobnov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to M. V. Kravtsova, S. V. Olemskoy or V. E. Sdobnov.

Additional information

Translated by M. Chubarova

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kravtsova, M.V., Olemskoy, S.V. & Sdobnov, V.E. Cosmic Rays during Forbush Effects in March 1989 and March 1991: Spectra of Variation, Anisotropy, and Variations of Geomagnetic Cutoff Rigidity. Geomagn. Aeron. 60, 432–440 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016793220040088

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016793220040088

Search

Navigation