Abstract
Variations in the temperature of the upper atmosphere caused by hurricanes are considered in this work on the basis of UARS satellite measurements. Analysis of the temperature variations shows that the temperature increases by 24–25 K in the mesopause over high-power tropospheric formations. Atmospheric gravity waves are considered a possible means of transferring disturbances from the Earth’s lower to the upper atmosphere. The maximal amplitude of atmospheric gravity waves was detected at altitudes of about 90 km during numerical simulation of propagation of the waves in a nonisothermal windless atmosphere with an accounting for the viscosity and thermal conductivity. A key factor of their attenuation and propagation is the altitudinal temperature gradient.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akhmedov, R.R., Numerical simulation of generation of acoustic gravity waves and ionospheric disturbances from ground-based and atmospheric sources, Extended Abstract of Cand. Sci. (Phys.–Math.) Dissertation, Moscow: MGU, 2004.
Artu, J., Ducic, V., Kanamori, H., Lognonne, P., and Murakami, M., Ionospheric detection of gravity waves induced by tsunami, Geophys. J. Int., 2005, 160, pp. 840–848.
Drobzheva, Ya.V. and Krasnov, V.M., The acoustic field in the atmosphere and ionosphere caused by a point explosion on the ground, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 2003, 65, no. 3, pp. 369–377.
Dzubenko, M.I. and Kozak, L.V., Aurora activity depression after near seismic shocks, Proc. Intern. Symp. “From Solar Corona through Interplanetary Space, into Earth’s Magnetosphere and Groundbased Observations”, Kyiv, 2000, pp. 129–131.
Dzyubenko, N.I., Ivchenko, V.N., and Kozak, L.V., “Temperature variations in the thermosphere over the earthquake focuses as inferred from satellite data,” Geomagn. Aeron. (Engl. Transl.), 2003, 43, no. 1, pp. 118–122.
Fishkova, L.M. and Toroshelidze, T.I., Manifestation of seismic activity in nightglow variations, Polyarnye siyaniya i svechenie nochnogo neba (Polar Auroras and Nightglows), Moscow: Nauka, 1989, 33, pp. 17–23.
Francis, S.H., Acoustic-gravity modes and large-scale trav-eling ionospheric disturbances of a realistic, dissipative atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 1973, 78, no. 13, pp. 2278–2301.
Francis, S.H., Global propagation of atmospheric gravity waves: A review, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 1975, 37, nos. 6–7, pp. 1011–1054.
Gavrilov, N.M., Propagation of internal gravity waves in a stratified atmosphere, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Fiz. Atmos. Okeana, 1985, 21, pp. 921–927.
Gavrilov, N.M. and Yudin, V.A., Numerical study of the vertical structure of internal gravity waves from tropospheric sources, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Fiz. Atmos. Okeana, 1986, 22, no. 6, pp. 563–572.
Gavrilov, N.M., Internal gravity waves and their effect on the middle atmosphere and ionosphere, Extended Abstracts of Doctoral (Phys.–Math.) Dissertation, Leningrad: LGU, 1988.
Gavrilov, N.M. and Koval’, A.V., “Parameterization of mesoscale stationary orographic wave forcing for use in numerical models of atmospheric dynamics, Izv., Atmos. Ocean. Phys., 2013, 49, no. 3, pp. 271–278.
Gossard, E. and Hooke, W., Waves in the Atmosphere, Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co., 1975.
Grigor’ev, G.I., Acoustic gravity waves in the Earth’s atmosphere (Review), Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Radiofiz., 1999, 42, no. 1, pp. 3–25.
Hedin, A.E., Extension of the MSIS Thermospheric Model into the middle and lower atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 1991, 96, no. A2, pp. 1159–1172.
Hocking, W.K., Turbulence in the altitude region 80–120 km, Adv. Space Res., 1990, 10, no. 12, pp. 153–161.
Hodges, R.R., Eddy diffusion coefficients due to instabilities in internal gravity waves, J. Geophys. Res., 1969, 74, no. 16, pp. 4087–4090.
Imamura, T. and Ogawa, T., Radiative damping of gravity waves in the terrestrial planetary atmospheres, Geophys. Rev. Lett., 1995, 22, no. 3, pp. 267–270.
Kashcheev, B.L. and Oleinikov, A.N., “Spatiotemporal structure of internal gravity waves in the mesopause-lower thermosphere region as inferred from meteor radar observations, Geomagn. Aeron. (Engl. Transl.), 2001, 41, no. 3, pp. 370–375.
Kazimirovskii, E.S. and Kokourov, V.D., Dvizheniya v ionosfere (Motions in the Ionosphere), Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1979.
Hines, C.O., Termosfernaya tsirkulyatsiya (Circulation in the Thermosphere), Moscow: Mir, 1975.
Kozak, L.V., Zmina turbulentnikh protsesiv u nizhnii termosferi pri prokhodzhenni vnutrishnikh gravitatsiinikh khvil', Kosmichna Nauka Tekhnologiya, 2002, 8, no. 5/6, pp. 86–90.
Kozak, L.V., Dzubenko, M.I., and Ivchenko, V.M., Temperature and thermosphere dynamics behavior analysis over earthquake epicentres from satellite measurements, Phys. Chem. Earth. Parts A, 2004, 29, nos. 4–9, pp. 507–515.
Kunitsyn, V.E., Suraev, S.N., and Akhmetov, R.R., Modeling of atmospheric propagation of acoustic gravity waves generated by different surface sources, Mosc. Univ. Phys. Bull., 2007, 62, no. 2, pp. 122–125.
Larkina, V.I., Nalivaiko, A.V., Gershenzon, N.I., Liperovskii, V.A., Gokhberg, M.B., and Shalimov, S.L., Interkosmos-19 satellite observations of VLF radiation connected with seismic activity, Geomagn. Aeron., 1983, 23, no. 5, pp. 842–846.
Liperovskii, V.A., Pokhotelov, O.A., and Shalimov, S.L., Ionosfernye predvestniki zemletryasenii (Ionospheric Precursors of Earthquakes), Moscow: Nauka, 1992.
Midgley, J.E. and Liemohn, H.B., Gravity waves in a realistic atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 1966, 71, no. 15, pp. 3729–3730.
Pitteway, M. and Hines, C., The viscous damping of atmospheric gravity waves, Can. J. Phys., 1963, 41, no. 12, pp. 1935–1948.
Rapoport, Yu.G., Gotynyan, O.E., Ivchenko, V.M., Kozak, L.V., and Parrot, M., Effect of acoustic-gravity wave of the lithospheric origin on the ionospheric F region before earthquakes, Phys. Chem. Earth. Parts A, 2004, 29, nos. 4–9, pp. 607–616.
Reber, C.A., Trevathan, C.E., McNeal, R.J., and Luther, M.R., The upper atmosphere research satellite (UARS) mission, J. Geophys. Res., 1993, 98, no. D6, pp. 10643–10647.
Shefov, N.N., Semenov, A.I., Pertsev, N.N., Sukhodoev, V.A., and Perminov, V.I., Spatial distribution of IGW energy inflow into the mesopause over the lee of a mountain ridge, Geomagn. Aeron. (Engl. Transl.), 1999, 39, no. 5, pp. 620–627.
Shepherd, G. Thuillier, Gault, W.A., Solheim, B.H., et al., WINDII—the wind imaging interferometer on the upper atmosphere research satellite, J. Geophys. Res., 1993, 98, no. D6, pp. 10725–10750.
Sukhodoev, V.A., Perminov, V.I., Reshetov, L.M., Shefov, N.N., Yarov, V.N., Smirnov, A.S., and Nesterova, T.N., Orographic effect in the upper atmosphere, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Fiz. Atmos. Okeana, 1989, 25, no. 9, pp. 926–932.
Sukhodoev, V.A. and Yarov, V.N., Temperature variations of the mesopause in the leeward region of the Caucasus Ridge, Geomagn. Aeron. (Engl. Transl.), 1998, 38, no. 4, pp. 545–548.
Suraev, S.N., Numerical simulation of acoustic-gravity wave propagation in the upper atmosphere generated by different surface sources, Extended Abstracts Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math.) Dissertation, Moscow: MGU, 2007.
Volland, H., The upper atmosphere as a multiply refractive medium for neutral air motions, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 1969, 31, no. 14, pp. 491–514.
Zhang, S.D. and Yi, F., A numerical study of propagation characteristics of gravity wave packets propagating in a dissipative atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 2002, 107, no. D14, pp. 1–9.
Zhou, XueLong, Holton, J.R., and Gretchen, L., Mullendore Forcing of secondary waves by breaking of gravity waves in the mesosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 2002, 107, no. D7, pp. 4058–4064.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © L.V. Kozak, S.G. Pilipenko, O.A. Motsyk, 2015, published in Geomagnetizm i Aeronomiya, 2015, Vol. 55, No. 5, pp. 687–695.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kozak, L.V., Pilipenko, S.G. & Motsyk, O.A. Increase in the upper atmospheric temperature over tropospheric sources: Analysis of satellite measurements and numerical simulation. Geomagn. Aeron. 55, 670–678 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016793215050096
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016793215050096