Skip to main content
Log in

Choice of series of initial data in deriving trends in the ionospheric F2-layer parameters

  • Published:
Geomagnetism and Aeronomy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

It is shown that the use of initial data series of different lengths is one of the main causes of the difference in the values of trends in the F2-layer parameters, foF2 and hmF2, obtained in a series of publications of the authors and published by other researchers. Arguments are presented in favor of the statement that systematic changes in the F2 layer began around 1980. Searching for trends, the authors consider periods after 1980. At the same time the majority of other scientists use the entire available array of data beginning in 1957 and 1958 (and sometimes even earlier) to search for trends. In that case, the analyzed time interval automatically includes the period before 1980, when the trends were absent. This leads to a substantial underestimation of the magnitude of the obtained negative trends in foF2 and hmF2. Particular examples based on the data of both the authors and other scientists confirming the statement are presented.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bremer, J., Long-term trends in the ionospheric E and F1 region. Paper presented at 4th IAGA/ICMA/CAWSES Workshop “Long Term Changes and Trends in the Atmosphere”, September 2006, Sodankyla, Finland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bremer, J., Damboldt, T., Mielich, J., and Suessmann, P., Comparing long-term trends in the ionospheric F2 region with two different methods, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 2012, vol. 77, pp. 174–185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cnossen, I. and Franzke, C., The role of the Sun in longterm change in the F2 peak ionosphere: new insights from Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) and numerical modeling, J. Geophys. Res., 2014, vol. 119, no. 10, pp. 8610–8623. doi 10.1002/2014JA020048

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Damboldt, T. and Suessmann, P., Consolidated database of worldwide measured monthly medians of ionospheric characteristics foF2 and M(3000)F2, INAG Bulletin on the Web, INAG-73, 2012.

  • Danilov, A.D., Time and spatial variations in the ratio of nighttime and daytime critical frequencies of the F2 layer, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 2008, vol. 70, nos. 8-9, pp. 1201–1212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Danilov, A.D., Scatter of hmF2 values as an indicator of trends in thermospheric dynamics, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 2009, vol. 71, nos. 14–15, pp. 1586–1591.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Danilov, A.D. and Konstantinova, A.V., Behavior of the ionospheric F2-layer parameters at the turn of centuries. 1. Critical frequency, Geomagn. Aeron. (Engl. Transl.), 2013a, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 343–353.

    Google Scholar 

  • Danilov, A.D. and Konstantinova, A.V., Behavior of the ionospheric F2-layer parameters at the edge of centuries, Geomagn. Aeron. (Engl. Transl.), 2013b, vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 457–470.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Danilov, A.D. and Konstantinova, A.V., Trends in the F2-layer parameters at the end of the 1990s and the beginning of the 2000s, J. Geophys. Res., 2013c, vol. 118, no. 12, pp. 5947–5964. doi 10.1002/jgrd.50501

    Google Scholar 

  • Danilov, A.D. and Konstantinova, A.V., Variations in foF2 trends with season and local time, Geomagn. Aeron. (Engl. Transl.), 2015, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 51–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Danilov, A.D. and Vanina-Dart, L.B., Spatial and time variations of the foF2(night)/foF2(day): Specification of some effects, Geomagn. Aeron. (Engl. Transl.), 2008, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 220–231.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Danilov, A.D. and Vanina-Dart, L.B., Scatter of hmF2 values as an indicator of trends in the thermospheric dynamics, Geomagn. Aeron. (Engl. Transl.), 2009, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 53–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Danilov, A.D. and Vanina-Dart, L.B., Comparison of foF2 values in the daytime and after sunset, Geomagn. Aeron. (Engl. Transl.), 2010a, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 53–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Danilov, A.D. and Vanina-Dart, L.B., Parameters of the ionospheric F2 layer as a source of information on trends in thermospheric dynamics, Geomagn. Aeron. (Engl. Transl.), 2010b, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 187–200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Haro Barbas, B.F., Elias, A.G., Shibasaki, K., and Sousa, J.R., foF2 long-term trends for periods including solar cycle 23, Paper presented at 8th IAGA/ICMA/CAWSES Workshop on Long-Term Changes and Trends in the Atmosphere, 27–31 July 2014, Cambridge, England, 2014.

  • Donaldson, J.K., Wellman, T.J., and Oliver W.L., Long-term change in thermospheric temperature above Saint Santin, J. Geophys. Res., 2010, vol. 115. doi 10.1029/2010JA015346

  • Emmert, J.T., Fejer, B.G., Fesen, C.D., Sheperd, G.G., and Solheim B.H., Climatology of middle- and low-latitude daytime F-region disturbance in neutral wind measured by Wind Imaging Interferometer (WINDII), J. Geophys. Res., 2001, vol. 106, no. 24, pp. 701–712.

    Google Scholar 

  • ITU. Recommendations ITU-R P. 1239-2. ITU-R Reference Ionosphere Characteristics, Geneva, 2009.

  • Laštovika, J., Global pattern of trends in the upper atmosphere and ionosphere: Recent progress, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 2009, vol. 71, pp. 1514–1528.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laštovika, J., Akmaev, R.A., Beig, G., Bremer, J., Emmert, J.T., Jacobi, C., Jarvis, M.J., Nedoluha, G., Portnyagin, Y.I., and Ulich, T., Emerging pattern of global change in the upper atmosphere and ionosphere, Ann. Geophys., 2008, vol. 26,no. 5, pp. 1255–1268.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laštovika, J., Solomon, S.C., and Qian, L., Trends in the neutral and ionized upper atmosphere, Space Sci. Rev., 2012, vol. 168, pp. 113–145.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mielich, J. and Bremer, J., Long-term trends in the ionospheric F2 region with two different solar activity indices, Ann. Geophys., 2013, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 291–303.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mikhailov, A.V., Trends in the ionospheric E-region, Phys. Chem. Earth, 2006, vol. 31, pp. 22–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Portnyagin, Yu.I., Merzlyakov, E.G., Sokolova, T.V., Jacobi, C.V., Kurschner, D., Manson, A., and Meek, C., Long-term trends and year-to-year variability of midlatitude mesosphere/lower thermosphere winds, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 2006, vol. 68, pp. 1890–1901.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roininen, L., Ulich, T., Laine, M., Rey, N., and Rouset, H.I., Time-varying ionosonde trend: Case study of Sodankyla Observatory hmF2, Paper presented at 8th IAGA/ICMA/CAWSES Workshop on Long-Term Changes and Trends in the Atmosphere, 27–31 July 2014, Cambridge, England.

  • Shimazaki, T., World wide daily variations in the height of the maximum electron density in the ionospheric F2 layer, J. Radio Res. Labs. (Jpn.), 1955, vol. 2, no. 7, pp. 85–97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, S.R., Holt, J.M., and Kurdzo, J., Millstone Hill ISR observations of upper atmospheric long-term changes: Height dependency, J. Geophys. Res., 2011, vol. 116. doi 10.1029/2010JA016414

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. V. Konstantinova.

Additional information

Original Russian Text © A.V. Konstantinova, A.D. Danilov, 2015, published in Geomagnetizm i Aeronomiya, 2015, Vol. 55, No. 3, pp. 361–369.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Konstantinova, A.V., Danilov, A.D. Choice of series of initial data in deriving trends in the ionospheric F2-layer parameters. Geomagn. Aeron. 55, 344–352 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016793215030111

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016793215030111

Keywords

Navigation