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Petrogenesis of Garnet-Bearing Carbonatite in the Tromsø Nappe, Norway

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Abstract—

The paper presents data on phase relations in garnet-bearing carbonatite from the Tromsø Nappe, Norway. The carbonatite matrix consists of calcite–dolomite carbonate with three generations of garnet inclusions (up to 15–20%). The relics of the primary garnets (Grt1) are depleted (<10–2 wt %) in the rare earth elements (REE). The garnet of the second and third generations (Grt2–3) is anomalously enriched (up to 10–15 wt %) in the light REE (LREE), and the carbonates are depleted in these elements. The distribution of REE between the garnet and carbonate indicates the absence of equilibrium. The melting of the carbonatite at T = 950–1400°C, P = 4.0 GPa showed that the “dry” solidus temperature is 1150°C, and the liquidus temperature is >1300°C. In the experiment with H2O + CO2 fluid, the solidus and liquidus temperatures are ≤950 and 1250°C, respectively. The subsolidus association is calcite, garnet, clinopyroxene, biotite, and accessory minerals: apatite, ilmenite, rutile, and titanite. The garnet and carbonatite melt occur in reaction relationships, as is evident from the garnet zoning with a decrease in the FeO and increase in the MgO, CaO, TiO2, and LREE concentrations. The geological setting, phase relationships, and experimental data indicate that the garnet-bearing carbonatites in the Tromsø area were formed in relation to the carbonatization and melting of upper mantle material at high pressures during the collision of the Baltica and Laurentia plates in the course of the Caledonian orogenesis, with subsequent intrusion and crystallization of silicate–carbonate magmas.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors thank V.K. Karandashev (Institute of Problems of Microelectronics and Ultrapure Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences) for fruitful cooperation. E. Ravna (UiT The Arctic University of Norway) and K. Kullerud (Norwegian Mining Museum) are thanked for conducting joint fieldwork and for useful discussions. The authors highly appreciate valuable recommendations and constructive criticism provided by O.G. Safonov.

Funding

This study was carried out under government-financed research project AAAA-A18-118020590140-7 for the Korzhinskii Institute of Experimental Mineralogy, Russian Academy of Sciences, and was supported during its various phases by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project nos. 12-05-00777a and 14-04-00752a, and by the Norway–NWRussia Initiation of Project on Alkaline Rocks in 2009–2010.

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  1. Korzhinskii Institute of Experimental Mineralogy, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast, Russia

    A. V. Kostyuk, N. S. Gorbachev & A. N. Nekrasov

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  1. A. V. Kostyuk
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  2. N. S. Gorbachev
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Correspondence to A. V. Kostyuk, N. S. Gorbachev or A. N. Nekrasov.

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Translated by E. Kurdyukov

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Kostyuk, A.V., Gorbachev, N.S. & Nekrasov, A.N. Petrogenesis of Garnet-Bearing Carbonatite in the Tromsø Nappe, Norway. Geochem. Int. 59, 801–812 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016702921080036

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