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Role of Pyroxenite Mantle in the Formation of the Mesozoic Karoo Plume Melts: Evidence from the Western Queen Maud Land, East Antarctica

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Abstract

Petrological and geochemical study of basalts and dolerites in East Antarctica, the formation of which is explained by the Karoo plume impact on the Queen Maud Land, revealed the presence of high-magnesium magmas, Fe-rich and depleted in incompatible elements, among the geochemically diverse magmas. Such high-Mg ferropicrites are scarce in other plume-related igneous provinces and their genesis is related to melting of a peculiar pyroxenite mantle source. These rocks were found only in the Ahlmannryggen and Vestfjella massifs in Antarctica and in the Letabo province in South Africa, correspond to the central part of the plume and likely the earliest eruptions. The studied dolerites are close to the parental melts. They have a relatively smoothed lithophile element pattern (from Th to Er), the lowered content of most compatible elements (Y, Yb, Lu), as well as the low 206Pb/204Pb = 17.33–17.37 and moderately radiogenic neodymium composition with 143Nd/144Nd from 0.51249 to 0.51259, which indicate a relatively old age of the pyroxenite component. All high-Ti basalts related to the Karoo–Maud plume point to the presence of this component in their compositions, but its proportion could significantly vary.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We are grateful to A.A. Ariskin and A. A. Tsygankov for reviewing and useful comments that significant improved the manuscript.

Funding

The work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 16-17-10139).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry (GEOKHI), Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia

    N. M. Sushchevskaya, A. V. Sobolev, V. G. Batanova & A. V. Zhilkina

  2. ISTerre (Institut des Sciences de la Terre) Observatoire, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble, CNRS, BP 53, 38041, Grenoble, France

    A. V. Sobolev & V. G. Batanova

  3. Gramberg All-Russia Scientific Research Institute for Geology and Mineral Resources of the World Ocean, 190121, St. Petersburg, Russia

    G. L. Leitchenkov

  4. St-Petersburg State University, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia

    G. L. Leitchenkov

  5. Karpinsky All-Russia Research Geological Institute (VSEGEI), 199106, St. Petersburg, Russia

    B. V. Belyatsky

Authors
  1. N. M. Sushchevskaya
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  2. A. V. Sobolev
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  3. G. L. Leitchenkov
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  4. V. G. Batanova
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  5. B. V. Belyatsky
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  6. A. V. Zhilkina
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to N. M. Sushchevskaya, G. L. Leitchenkov or B. V. Belyatsky.

Additional information

Translated by M. Bogina

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Sushchevskaya, N.M., Sobolev, A.V., Leitchenkov, G.L. et al. Role of Pyroxenite Mantle in the Formation of the Mesozoic Karoo Plume Melts: Evidence from the Western Queen Maud Land, East Antarctica. Geochem. Int. 59, 357–376 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S001670292104008X

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S001670292104008X

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