Abstract
Interaction of metallic gold with (Na, K)Cl salt melts was investigated by the weight-loss method at 700–1000°C using silica glass ampoules. Interaction was not detected in hermetic evacuated ampoules over the whole temperature interval and even after the addition of 5 wt % Na2SO4 as a possible oxidizer to the salt. Gold solubility increased sharply in open ampoules, but this was accompanied by the evaporation of salt melt and, possibly, AuCl x . The limiting gold solubility in the salt melt at 860°C was estimated as 1 wt % or 10000 ppm. The model of gold transport in a gas phase during magmatic degassing invokes shallow gold extraction by salt melt, melt evaporation, and removal of precipitated metallic particles by the gas phase.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
R. J. Bodnar, C. W. Burnham, and S. M. Sterner, “Synthetic fluid inclusions in natural quartz. III Determination of phase equilibrium properties in the system H2O–NaCl to 1000°C and 1500 bars,” Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 49, 1861–1873 (1985).
A. I. Busev and V. M. Ivanov, Analytical Chemistry of Gold (Nauka, Moscow, 1973) [in Russian].
I. Chaplygin, M. Yudovskaya, L. Vergasova, and A. Mokhov, “Native gold from volcanic gases at Tolbachik 1975–1976 and 2012–2013 fissure eruption, Kamchatka,” J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 307, 200–209 (2015).
D. Chareev, “The low temperature electrochemical growth of iron, nickel and other metallic single crystals from halide eutectic fluxes in a temperature gradient,” J. Crystal Growth 429, 63–67 (2015).
T. P. Fisher, W. T. Giggenbach, Y. Sano, and S. N. Williams, “Fluxes and sources of volatiles discharged from Kudryavy, a subduction zone volcano, Kurile Islands,” Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 160, 81–96 (1998).
M. A. Korzhinskii, S. I. Tkachenko, R. F. Bulgakov, and K. I. Shmulovich, “Condensate compositions and native metals in sublimates of high-temperature gas streams of Kudryavyi Volcano, Iturup Island, Kuril Islands,” Geochem. Int. 34 (12), 1057–1064 (1996).
M. A. Korzhinsky, S. I. Tkachenko, K. I. Shmulovich, Y. F. Taran, and G. S. Steinberg, “Discovery of a pure rhenium mineral at Kudriavy volcano,” Nature 369, 51–52 (1994).
M. A. Korzhinsky, S. I. Tkachenko, K. I. Shmulovich, and G. S. Steinberg, “Native Al and Si formation,” Nature 375, 544 (1995).
V. I. Kovalenko, V. B. Naumov, M. L. Tolstykh, G. M. Tsareva, and N. N. Kononkova, “Composition and sources of magmas in Medvezh’ya Caldera (Iturup Island, Southern Kuriles) from a study of melt inclusions,” Geochem Int. 42 (5), 393–413 (2004).
U. Onken, J. Rarey-Nies, and J. Gmehling, “The Dortmund data bank: a computerized system for retrieval, correlation, and prediction of thermodynamic properties of mixtures,” Int. J. Thermophys. 10 (3), 739–747 (1989).
E. G. Osadchii, S. E. Lunin, M. A. Korzhinskii, S. I. Tkachenko, and Yu. A. Taran, “f O2 and f S2 measurements by electrochemical sensors in high-temperature fumaroles of active volcanoes,” Geochem. Int. 35 (1), 66–73 (1997).
G. Pokrovski, A. Borisova, and A. Bychkov, “Speciation and transport of metals and metalloids in geological vapors,” Rev. Mineral. Geochem. 76, 165–218 (2013).
G. S. Pokrovski, N. N. Akinfiev, A. Y. Borisova, A. V. Zotov, and K. Kouzmanov, “Gold speciation and transport in geological fluids: insights from experiments and physical-chemical modeling,” Geol. Soc. London, Sp. Publ. (2014) doi 10.1144/SP402.4
M. I. Ravich, Water–Salt Systems at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures (Nauka, Moscow, 1974) [in Russian].
E. K. Serafimova, L. A. Kaz’min, and T. A. Dobroskok, “Geochemistry of gold in posteruptive process on scoria cones of the northern breakthrough of the Great Tolbachik fissure eruption (GTFE),” Volcanol. Seismol., No. 4, 33–45 (2000).
K. I. Shmulovih, “Formation of salt melts during magmatic degassing in an open system: evidence from the Kudryavyi Volcano, Iturup Island, the Kurils,” Dokl. Earth Sci. 365A (3), 361–365 (1999).
K. I. Shmulovich and S. V. Churakov, “Natural fluid phases at high temperatures and low pressures,” J. Geoch. Explor. 62, 183–191 (1998).
A. C. Simon, M. R. Frank, T. Pettke, P. A. Candela, P. M. Piccoli, and C. A. Heinrich, “Gold partitioning in melt–vapor–brine systems,” Geochem. Cosmochim. Acta 69, 3321–3335 (2005).
S. Sourirajan and G. C. Kennedy, “The system H2O–NaCl at elevated temperatures and pressures,” Am. J. Sci. 62, 115–141 (1962).
Yu. A. Taran, J. W. Hedenquist, M. A. Korzhinsky, S. I. Tkachenko, and K. I. Shmulovich, “Geochemistry of magmatic gases from Kudryavy volcano, Iturup, Kuril Islands,” Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 59, 1749–1761 (1995).
S. I. Tkachenko, Yu. A. Taran, M. A. Korzhinskii, B. G. Pokrovsky, G. S. Shteinberg, and K. I. Shmulovich, “Gas jets of Kudryavyi Volcano, Iturup Island, Kuril Islands,” Dokl. Akad. Nauk 325 (4), 823–828 (1992).
A. G. Vakulenko, Y. V. Alekhin, and M. V. Razina, “Solubility and thermodynamic properties of alkali chlorides in steam,” in Proc. II Inter. Symp. “Properties of Water and Steam” (Prague, 1989), pp. 395–401.
L. P. Vergasova, G. L. Starova, E. K. Serafimova, S. K. Filatov, T. M. Filosofova, and R. L. Dunin-Bukovski, “Native gold deposits from gas emanations of cinder cones produced by the 1975–1976 Great Tolbachik fissure eruptions,” Volcanol. Seismol. 22, 493–504 (2001).
M. A. Yudovskaya, V. V. Distler, I. V. Chaplygin, A. V. Mokhov, N. V. Trubkin, and S. A. Gorbacheva, “Gaseous transport and deposition of gold in magmatic fluid: evidence from the active Kudryavy volcano, Kurile Islands,” Miner. Deposita 40, 828–848 (2006).
M. Zelensky, V. Kamenetsky, and J. Hedenquist, “Gold recycling and enrichment beneath volcanoes: A case study of Tolbachik, Kamchatka,” Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 437, 35–46 (2016).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © K.I. Shmulovich, P.G. Bukhtiyarov, E.S. Persikov, 2016, published in Geokhimiya, 2016, No. 11, pp. 1015–1024.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shmulovich, K.I., Bukhtiyarov, P.G. & Persikov, E.S. Gold transport during magmatic degassing: Model experiments. Geochem. Int. 54, 979–988 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016702916090093
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016702916090093