Abstract
Accurate prediction of solute transport processes in surface water and its underlying bed is an important task not only for proper management of the surface water but also for pollution control in these water bodies. Key issue in this task is an estimation of parameters as diffusion coefficient and velocity for solute transport both in water body and in the underlying bed. This estimation would greatly help us to understand the deposition and release mechanism of solute across the water-bed interface. In this study, a column experiment was conducted in laboratory to estimate the velocity and diffusion coefficient of sodium chloride (NaCl) in water body and underlying sand layer (bed). The column used with a diameter of 30 cm and a height of 100 cm, was filled with sand at the lower half part and water at the upper half part. Total 64 stainless steel electrodes were installed on its surface around. The sodium chloride solution was injected from the top of the column, and electrical resistance between electrodes was monitored for 71 h. Then the dimensionless resistance breakthrough curve was fitted with one dimensional analytic solution for solute transport and the related diffusion coefficient and velocity parameters were estimated. The results show that the NaCl transport velocity was high in the water body but extremely low in the underlying sand layer (bed). The diffusion coefficient estimated in sand layer coincides with those reported well. This indicates that the electrical resistance based solute transport parameter estimation method is not only effective but also has an advantage of multipoints monitoring. This is useful both in mapping solute transport parameter for solute transport process analysis and in providing parameter input for solute transport numerical modeling.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
M. Beklioglu, O. Ince, and I. Tuzun, “Restoration of the eutrophic Lake Eymir, Turkey, by biomanipulation after a major external nutrient control,” Hydrobiologia 490, 93–105 (2003).
H. Klapper, “Technologies for lake restoration,” J. Limnology 62, 73–90 (2003).
Water in a Changing World. Earthscan (UNESCO, 2009).
T. Bunsri, M. Sivakumar, and D. Hagare, “Influence of dispersion on transport of tracer through unsaturated porous media,” J. App. Fluid Mechanics 1(2), 37–44 (2008).
L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz, Fluid Mechanics (Pergamon, Oxford. 1987).
L. W. Gehar, C. Welty, and K. R. Rehfeldt, “A critical review of data on field scale dispersion in aquifers,” Water Resour. Res. 28(7), 1955–1974 (1992).
G. Nutzmann, S. Maciejewski, and K. Joswig, “Estimation of water saturation dependence of dispersion in unsaturated porous media: experiment and modeling analysis,” Adv. Water Resour. 25, 555–567 (2002).
J. L. Schnoor, Environmental Modeling: Fate and Transport of Pollutants in Water, Air and Soil (Wiley Interscience Publication, New York, 1996).
N. Toride, F. J. Leij, and M. Th. van Genuchten, “The CXTFIT code for estimating transport parameters from laboratory or field tracer experiments,” Salinity Laboratory, Riverside, California, Res. Rep. No. 137, (1995).
N. Toride, M. Inoue and F. J. Leiji, “Hydrodynamic dispersion in unsaturated dune sand,” Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 63, 703–712 (2003).
M. Th. Van Genuchten, “Non-equilibrium transport parameters from miscible displacement experiments,” Res. Rep. U.S. Salinity Laboratory, USDA-SEA-ARS. Riverside. CA, No. 119 (1981).
C. W. Fetter, Contaminant Hydrogeology 2nd ed, (Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 1999).
H. Wang, Describing and Predicting Breakthrough Curves for non-Reactive Solute Transport in Statistically Homogeneous Porous Media (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 2002).
P. D. Jackson, K. J. Northmore, P. I. Meldrum, D. A. Gunn, J. R. Hallam, J. Wambura, B. Wangusi, and G. Ogutu, “Non-invasive moisture monitoring within an earth embankment-a precursor to failure,” NDT & E International, 35(2), 107–115 (2002).
A. Kemna, J. Vanderborght, B. Kulessa, and H. Vereecken, “Imaging and characterisation of subsurface solute transport using electrical resistivity (ERT) tomography and equivalent transport models,” J. Hydrol. 267, 125–165 (2002)
T. Menand and A. W. Woods, “Dispersion, scale, and time dependence of mixing zones under gravitationally stable and unstable displacements in porous media,” Water Resour. Res. 41(5), (2005).
G. Lekmine, M. Pessel, and H. Auradou, “2009. 2D electrical resistivity tomography surveys optimisation of solutes transports in porous media,” Archeo Sciences, No. 33, 309–312 (2009).
M. Yixin, Z. Zhichu, X. Ling-an, L. Xiaoping, and W. Yingxiang, “Application of electrical resistance tomography system to monitor gas/liquid two-phase flow in a horizontal pipe,” Flow Meas. Instrum. 12, 259–265 (2001).
G. E. Archie, “The electrical resistivity log as an aid in determining some reservoir characteristics,” J. Petrol. Technol. Tech. Publ, No. 5, (1942).
J. D. Rhoades, P. J. Shouse, W. J. Alves, N. A. Manteghi, and S. M. Lesch, “Determining soil salinity from soil electrical conductivity using different models and estimates,” Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 54(1), 49–54 (1990).
J. D. Rhoades, B. L. Waggoner, P. J. Shouse, and W. J. Alves, “Determining soil salinity from soil and soil-paste electrical conductivities: sensitivity analysis of models,” Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 53(2), 1368–1374 (1989).
D. W. Marquardt, “An algorithm for least-squares estimation of nonlinear parameters,” J. Soc. Ind. Appl. Math. 2, 431–441 (1963).
W. H. Press, B. P. Flannery, S. A. Teukolsky, and W. T. Vetterling Numerical Recipes: The Art of Scientific Computing (Cambridge University Press, New Work, 1991).
M. Th. Van Genuchten and J. C. Parker, “Boundary conditions for displacement experiments through short laboratory soil columns,” Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 48, 703–708 (1984).
Haibo Jin, Yicheng Lian, Suohe Yang, Guangxiang He, and Zhiwu Guo, “The parameters measurement of air-water two phase flow using the electrical resistance tomography (ERT) technique in a bubble column,” Flow Meas. Instrum. 31, 55–60 (2013).
L. Lapidus and N. R. Amundson, “Mathematics of adsorption in beds. VI. The effects of longitudinal diffusion in ion exchange and chromatographic columns,” J. Phys. Chem. 56(8), 984–988 (1952). DOI: 10.1021/j150500a014.
A. Ogata and R. B. Banks, “A solution of the differential equation of longitudinal dispersion in porous media,” U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. No. 411-A, (1961).
J. P. Sauty, “An analysis of hydrodispersive transfer in aquifers,” Water Res. Res. 16(1), 145–158 (1980). DOI: 10.1029/WR016i001p00145
Q. Wang, H. Zhan, and Z. Tang, “A New Parameter Estimation Method for Solute Transport in a Column,” Ground Water 51(5), 714–722 (2012).
F. Helfferich, “In ion exchange,” in A Series of Advances, Ed. by J. A. Marinsky (New York, Marcel Dekker, 1966), pp. 65–100.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
The article is published in the original.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Junejo, S.A., Zhou, Q.Y., Talpur, M.A. et al. Quantification of electrical resistance to estimate NaCl behavior in a column under controlled conditions. Geochem. Int. 52, 794–804 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016702914090055
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016702914090055