This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
K. A. Gorbunova, V. N. Andreichuk, V. P. Kostarev, and N. G. Maksimovich, Karst and Caves of the Perm District (Izd-vo Perm. un-ta, Perm, 1992) [in Russian].
E. V. Alekseeva and V. Ya. Aleksinskii, Div’ya Cave: A Guidebook (Profizdat, Moscow, 1965) [in Russian].
A. G. Chikishev, “New data on Div’ya Cave,” Byull. Mosk. O-va Ispyt. Prir., Otd. Geol. 40(3), 155 (1965).
A. G. Chikishev, “Largest karst cave of the Urals: Div’ya cave,” Tr. Mosk. O-va Ispyt. Prir. Otd. Geol 18, 229–236 (1966).
M. Yu. Sivintsev and V. A. Chukhlantsev, “Div’ya cave-9720 m,” in Caves: International Collection of Papers, Perm, Russia, 1984 (Perm. Univ., Perm, 1984), No. 19, pp. 117–118 [in Russian].
S. V. Valuiskii and I. A. Belokrys, “Rossiiskaya cave (Obval’naya-2),” in Caves. Methods of Study. Collection of Papers (Perm. Univ., Perm, 1986), No. 21, pp. 112–113 [in Russian].
H. Cheng, R. L. Edwards, J. Hoff, C. D. Gallup, D. A. Richards, and Y. Asmeron, “The half-lives of uranium-234 and thorium-230,” Chem. Geol. 169, 17–33 (2000).
A. A. Godovikov, O. I. Ripinen, and V. I. Stepanov, “Spherulites, spherocrystals, spheroidolites, and core spherolites,” Tr. Mineral. Muzeya AN SSSR, No. 36, 24–36 (1989).
E. M. Galimov, Geochemistry of Stable Carbon Isotopes (Nedra, Moscow, 1968) [in Russian].
K. Žak, D. K. Richter, M. Filippi, R. Živor, M. Deininger, A. Mangini, and D. Scholz, “Coarsely crystalline cryogenic cave carbonate-a new archive to estimate the last glacial minimum permaforst depth in Central Europe,” Climate of the Past, No. 8, 1–17 (2012).
D. K. Richter, P. Meissner, A. Immenhauser, U. Schulte, and I. Dorsten, “Cryogenic and non-cryogenic pool calcites indicating permafrost and non-permafrost periods: a case study from the Herbstlabyrinth-Advent cave system (Germany),” The Cryosphere, No. 4, 501–509 (2010).
I. D. Clark and B. Lauriol, “Kinetic enrichment of stable isotopes in cryogenic calcites,” Chem. Geol. 102, 217–228 (1992).
K. Žák, J. Urban, V. Cilek, and H. Hercman, “Cryogenic cave calcite from several Central European caves: age, carbon and oxygen isotopes and a genetic model,” Chem. Geol. 206, 119–136 (2004).
K. Žák, B. P. Onac, and A. Perşoiu, “Cryogenic carbonates in cave environments. A review,” Quaternary Int. 187, 84–96 (2008).
M. Lehmann and U. Siegenthaler, “Equilibrium oxygen- and hydrogen-isotope fractionation between ice and water,” J. Glaciology 37(125), 23–26 (1991).
M. S. Lachniet, “Climatic and environmental controls on speleotheme oxygen-isotope values,” Quat. Sci. Rev. 28, 412–432 (2009).
A. Molodkov and N. Bolikhovskaya, “Climato-chronostratigraphic framework of Pleistocene terrestrial and marine deposits of Northern Eurasia, based on pollen, electron spin resonance, and infrared optically stimulated luminescence analyses,” Estonian J. Sci. 59(1), 49–62 (2010).
K. Žák, H. Hercman, M. Orvošová, I. Jačková, “Cryogenic cave carbonates from the Cold Wind Cave, Nizke Tatry Mountains, Slovakia: extending the age range of cryogenic cave carbonate formation to the Saalian,” Int. J. Speleol. 38(2), 139–152 (2009).
T. Durakiewicz, S. Halas, M. Migaszewski, and J. Urban, “Origin of “calcite groats” in the Chelosiowa cave near Kielce (Holy Cross Mts.) inferred from petrographic and isotopic investigations,” Quat. Res. 39, 75–94 (1995).
K.-H. Pielsticker, “Hohlen und Permafrost-thermophysikalische Prozesse von Hohlenvereisungen wahrend des Quartars,” Bochumer Geol. Geotech. Arbeit 55, 187–196 (2000).
“North Greenland ice core project members: high-resolution record of Northern Hemisphere climate extending into the last interglacial period,” Nature 431, 147–151 (2004).
L. E. Lisiecki and M. E. Raymo, “A Pliocene-Pleistocene Stack of 57 globally distributed benthic δ18O records,” Paleooceanography 20(1), 1–17 (2005).
N. V. Klyagin, Origin of Civilization: Social-Philosophical Aspect (Moscow, 1996) [in Russian].
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © I.I. Chaykovskiy, O.I. Kadebskaya, K. Žák, 2014, published in Geokhimiya, 2014, Vol. 52, No. 4, pp. 361–372.
The article was translated by the authors.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chaykovskiy, I.I., Kadebskaya, O.I. & Žák, K. Morphology, composition, age and origin of carbonate spherulites from caves of Western Urals. Geochem. Int. 52, 336–346 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016702914020049
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016702914020049