Abstract
New data are discussed on the distribution of mercury in the host volcanosedimentary and igneous rocks, hydrothermal—metasomatic rocks, and all types of modern newly formed materials (hydrothermal clays, argillized soil—pyroclastic beds, siliceous and limonite—hematite covers, bottom sediments, salt ‘sweat-outs’ of various compositions, etc.) typical of the supergene zone of geothermal deposits. By the example of the Nizhne-Koshelevskii (vapor-dominated) and Pauzhetka (water-type) geothermal deposits and thermal fields of the Koshelevskii volcanic massif and Kambal’nyi volcanic range (southern Kamchatka), the role of mercury was illustrated as an indicator element of the temperature, phase state, and dynamics of hydrothermal systems; intensity of rock argillization; and relative age (maturity) of geothermal deposits and thermal anomalies.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Yu. P. Trukhin, I. I. Stepanov, and R. A. Shuvalov, Mercury in the Modern Hydrothermal Process (Nauka, Moscow, 1986) [in Russian].
N. A. Ozerova, Mercury and Endogenous Ore Formation (Nauka, Moscow, 1986) [in Russian].
S. N. Rychagov and I. I. Stepanov, “Hydrothermal system of Baranskii Volcano, Iturup Island: mercury behavior in the interiors,” Vulkanol. Seismol., No. 2, 41–52 (1994).
A. A. Nuzhdaev, S. N. Rychagov, and I. I. Stepanov, “Mercury in the supergene zone of geothermal deposits, southern Kamchatka,” in Proceedings of All-Russian Conference (with Participation of Foreign Scientists) on Geochemical Problems of Endogenous Processes and Environment, Irkutsk, Russia, 2007 (Irkutsk, 2007), Vol. 3, pp. 82–86 [in Russian].
A. A. Nuzhdaev, S. N. Rychagov, and I. I. Stepanov, “Mercury as an indicator of temperature and geochemical barriers in modern ore-forming hydrothermal-magmatic systems,” in Proceedings of 4th All-Russia Symposium on Volcanology and Paleovolcanology. Volcanism and Geodynamics (IViS DVO RAN, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii, 2009), Vol. 2, pp. 781–785 [in Russian].
S. N. Rychagov, A. A. Nuzhdaev, and I. I. Stepanov, “Behavior of mercury in the supergene zone of geothermal deposits, southern Kamchatka,” Geochem. Int. 47 (5), 504–512 (2009).
V. M. Sugrobov, “Geothermal resources of Kamchatka: classification and predictive assessment,” in Study and Use of Geothermal Resources in Volcanic Areas (Nauka, Moscow, 1979), pp. 26–35 [in Russian].
Long-Lived Center of Endogenous Activity at Southern Kamchatka (Nauka, Moscow, 1980) [in Russian].
Structure of Hydrothermal System (Nauka, Moscow, 1993) [in Russian].
E. A. Vakin, Z. B. Dekusar, A. I. Serezhnikov, and M. V. Spichenkova, “Hydrothermal vents of the Koshelev volcanic massif,” in Hydrothermal Systems and Thermal Fields of Kamchatka (DVNTs AN SSSR, Vladivostok, 1976), pp. 58–84 [in Russian].
V. I. Kononov, Geochemistry of Thermal Water in Areas of Recent Volcanism (Nauka, Moscow, 1983) [in Russian].
M. V. Pisareva, “Zone of natural steam of the Nizhnee Koshelevskoe geothermal deposit,” Vulkanol. Seismol., No. 2, 52–63 (1987).
B. G. Polyak, I. N. Tolstikhin, and V. P. Yakutseni, “Isotopic composition of helium and heat flow: geochemical and geophysical aspects of tectonogenesis,” Geotektonika, No. 5, 3–23 (1979).
M. M. Lebedev and Z. B. Dekusar, “Manifestations of hydrocarbons in the thermal waters of southern Kamchatka,” Vulkanol. Seismol., No. 5, 93–97 (1980).
V. I. Belousov, Geology of Geothermal Fields (Nauka, Moscow, 1978) [in Russian].
S. N. Rychagov, Extended Abstract of Doctoral Dissertation in Geology and Mineralogy (IGEM RAN, Moscow, 2003).
Strategy of the Development of the Fuel and Energy Potential of the Far East Economic Region up to 2020 (Dal’nauka, Vladivostok, 2001) [in Russian].
N. S. Zhatnuev, A. G. Mironov, S. N. Rychagov, and V. I. Gunin, Hydrothermal Systems with Steam Reservoirs (SO RAN, Novosibirsk, 1996) [in Russian].
J. W. Lund, R. G. Bloomquist, T. L. Boyd, and J. Renner, “The United States of America country update,” in Geothermal and Mineral Resources of Modern Volcanism Areas. Proceedings of the International Kuril-Kamchatka Field Workshop, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii, Russia, 2005 (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii, 2005), pp. 25–50.
A. I. Pozdeev and I. N. Nazhalova, “The geology, hydrodynamics, and the oil and gas potential of the Kosheleva steam-water field in Kamchatka,” J. Volcanol. Seismol. 2 (3), 170–184 (2008).
S. N. Rychagov, R. G. Davletbaev, and O. V. Kovina, “Role of Hydrothermal clays and pyrite forming in the modern ore-geochemical processes at the geothermal fields, Southern Kamchatka,” in Geochemical Problems of Endogenous Processes and Environment. Proceedings of All-Russian Conference (with Foreign Participants), Irkutsk, Russia, 2007 (Inst. Geografii im. V.B. Sochava SO RAN, Irkutsk, 2007), Vol. 3, pp. 103–108 [in Russian].
S. N. Rychagov, R. G. Davletbaev, O. V. Kovina, and G. P. Koroleva, “Characteristics of subsurface horizon of hydrothermal clays of the Nizhne-Koshelevskoe and Pauzhetka hydrothermal fields,” Vestn. KRAUNTs. Nauki o Zemle, 12 (2), 116–134 (2008).
V. L. Syvorotkin, “Modern volcanism of Southern Kamchatka and hydrothermal process,” in Structure of the Hydrothermal System (Nauka, Moscow, 1993), pp. 21–47 [in Russian].
G. P. Koroleva, I. S. Lomonosov, and Yu. M. Stefanov, “Gold and other ore elements in the hydrothermal system,” in Structure of the Hydrothermal System (Nauka, Moscow, 1993), pp. 238–280 [in Russian].
G. P. Sandimirova, “Geochemical factors of strontium distribution and variations in its isotopic composition in hydrothermal systems,” in Structure of the Hydrothermal System (Nauka, Moscow, 1993), pp. 196–218 [in Russian].
V. D. Pampura, Geochemistry of the Hydrothermal Systems of Modern Volcanic Areas (Nauka, Novosibirsk, 1985) [in Russian].
S. N. Rychagov, I. A. Boikova, E. G. Kalacheva, et al., “Artificial siliceous sinter deposits of the Pauzhetsky geothermal system,” in Proceedings of the Conference on Mineral Extraction from Geothermal Brines, Tucson, USA, 2006 (Tuscon, 2006), p. 4
V. I. Belousov, S. N. Rychagov, Yu. D. Kuz’min, et al., “Silica in high-temperature hydrothermal systems of the modern volcanic areas,” Ekol. Khimiya 7 (3), 200–216 (1998).
S. N. Rychagov, V. I. Belousov, S. F. Glavatskikh, et al., “Northern Paramushir hydrothermal system: characteristics of deep geological section and model of modern mineral ore formation in its interiors,” Vulkanol. Seismol., No. 4, 3–21 (2002).
A. A. Nuzhdaev, “New results of study of the Verkhne- and Nizhne Koshelevskoe anomalies (Southerm Kamchatka),” in Proceedings of the Regional Youth Conference on “Studies in the Earth’s Sciences,” Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii, Russia, 2008 (KamGU im. Vitusa Beringa, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii, 2008) [in Russian].
S. N. Rychagov, A. Nuzhdaev, and I. I. Stepanov, “Mercury as an indicator of temperature and geochemical barriers in hypergenesis zone of geothermal deposits (Kamchatka),” in Proceedings of World Geothermal Congress, Bali, Indonesia, 2010 (2010).
Geology of Hungary, Ed. by I. Haas (Budapest, 2001)
Kralj Polona, “Volcanoclastic rocks in borehole Tdp-1/84 Trobni Dol, Eastern Slovenia,” Geologija, No. 41, 135–155 (1999).
L. L. Leonova, “Geochemistry of Quaternary and modern volcanic rocks of the Kurile Islands and Kamchatka,” Geokhimiya, No. 2, 179–197 (1979).
V. M. Ladygin, S. N. Rychagov, Yu. V. Vasil’eva, N. A. Rumyantseva, and S. I. Veber, “Petrophysical properties of the metasomatites of the Pauzhetka steam-hydrothermal field, Southern Kamchatka,” Vulkanol. Seismol., No. 6, 95–110 (1991).
R. K. Iler, The Chemistry of Silica: Solubility, Polymerization, Colloid and Surface Properties, and Biochemistry (Wiley, New York, 1979).
F. V. Chukhrov, Colloids in the Earth’s Crust (AN SSSR, Moscow, 1955) [in Russian].
N. Kh. Aidin’yan, N. A. Ozerova, A. V. Volkova, and G. P. Shikina, “On the problem of the fugacity of mercury and its compounds,” Geokhimiya, No. 9, 251–260 (1969).
V. S. Znamenskii, “Hydrothermally altered rocks of the Mutnovsky (Kamchatka) and Kipyashchii (Iturup Island) geothermal fields,” Izv. AN SSSR. Ser. Geol., No. 5, 110–123 (1991).
A. A. Saukov, N. Kh. Aidin’yan, and N. A. Ozerova, Essays on Mercury Geochemistry (Nauka, Moscow, 1972) [in Russian].
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © S.N. Rychagov, A.A. Nuzhdaev, I.I. Stepanov, 2014, published in Geokhimiya, 2014, Vol. 52, No. 2, pp. 144–157.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rychagov, S.N., Nuzhdaev, A.A. & Stepanovb, I.I. Mercury as an indicator of modern ore-forming gas—hydrothermal systems, Kamchatka. Geochem. Int. 52, 131–143 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016702913120082
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016702913120082