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Experimental Study on a Water Droplet Impacting on the Heated Glycerol Surface

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Abstract

The phenomena of droplet impact on the heated liquid surface are difficult to unify due to complexity of the interaction, but this process has significance for the study such as direct fuel injection in internal-combustion engines or pool fire suppression. A series of experiments on a water droplet impacting on the heated glycerol surface are carried under various surface temperatures (111.4°C ≤ Tgly ≤ 270.6°C) and impact Weber number (50.5 ≤ We ≤ 297.9). Four regimes, including penetration, crater–jet, vapor explosion and crater–jet–vapor explosion, are discussed in detail. With increase in the Tgly and We, the phenomena transform easier from penetration to crater–jet. The jet formation is affected by the interaction of vapor explosion (Tgly ≥ 222.3°C) and this process is mainly caused by two factors: the vapor explosion appears at the liquid-liquid interface and the vapor explosion time is equal to 4.8–15.8 ms. Increase in Tgly and We prolongs the crater evolution process and leads to growth of the maximum dimensionless crater depth (hmax). The contribution index shows that hmax is significantly increased by the vapor explosion and continued to increase for the higher We. Furthermore, the secondary breakup of droplets is observed at Tgly ≥ 222.3°C and this phenomenon mainly includes the processes of puffing, sputtering, vaporization and deformation.

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This work was supported by ongoing institutional funding. No additional grants to carry out or direct this particular research were obtained.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China

    S. Jin, W. Zhang, Z. Guo, Y. Yuan, Z. Shi & J. Yan

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  1. S. Jin
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  2. W. Zhang
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  3. Z. Guo
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  4. Y. Yuan
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Correspondence to W. Zhang.

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Jin, S., Zhang, W., Guo, Z. et al. Experimental Study on a Water Droplet Impacting on the Heated Glycerol Surface. Fluid Dyn 58, 1502–1516 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0015462823601870

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