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Influence of Ecological Factors on the Timing of the Colorado Potato Beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) Emergence from Overwintering Sites in the Central Forest-Steppe Priobskii Agro-Landscape Region

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Abstract

The results of long-term studies have allowed us to describe the complex effect of the soil freezing depth, the snow depth, the amount of precipitation, the air temperature, the soil temperatures at depths of 0–20 and 20–40 cm, the photoperiod, and the sum of effective temperatures on the timing of adult emergence of Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) in potato crops in the Central Forest-Steppe Priobskii Agro-Landscape Region. The values of these environmental factors for the period from September of the previous year to June of the current year determined the emergence date of the overwintered adults by 27.2%. The influence of the conditions of the previous year was 50.5%, and that of the current year was 31.1%. The emergence of the overwintered adults was delayed if they had hibernated in humid and cool soil. Among the conditions of November, the emergence date was affected by the snow depth and the soil freezing depth (with relative influence of 86.8 and 79.5%, respectively), and the combined effect of all the factors was 35.3%. The same trend was observed in December. The importance of the soil temperature increased to 84.3% in January, while the whole set of factors accounted for 26.7% of cases. The same trend persisted in February, while the total impact of all the factors increased to 43.0%. The impact of the soil freezing depth and the snow depth decreased to 42.3% in March. The total precipitation and the air temperature started to affect the emergence date in April, with relative influence of 81.8 and 65.8%, respectively. Among the conditions of May, the emergence date was affected only by the soil temperature at depths of 0–20 and 20–40 cm (80.7 and 94.0%, respectively), and by the photoperiod (91.1%). The main factors in June were the amount of rainfall and the soil temperature, with 100% influence, while the impact of SET was 50.0%. Thus, emergence of L. decemlineata in the study region started on June 17 ± 12 days, when the mean daily air temperature reached +19.1 ± 5.8°C, the rainfall (at air temperature > 10°C) amounted to 70.7 ± 39.1 mm, and the soil at depths of 0–20 and 20–40 cm warmed up to +17.6 ± 3.8°C and +14.8 ± 2.5°C, respectively. The SET for this period was 149.0 ± 64.1 degree-days.

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Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.

Notes

  1. HTC is Selyaninov’s hydrothermal coefficient (see Losev, 1994; Goncharov et al., 2010).

  2. The β coefficients were estimated by the least square method, using the system of normal equations in the form rx1y = β1 + rx1x2 · β2 + … + rx1xm · βm. The data from the matrix of pairwise correlation coefficients were substituted into the equation, i.e., 0.47 = β1 + 0.844 β2 + 0.066 β3 + 0.845 β4 + 0.85 β5 + 0.878 β6, and so on for all the factors. Then this system of linear equations was solved by the Gaussian method to obtain the β coefficient value for each factor. The greater the β coefficient, the greater the factor influence.

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Chulikova, N.S., Malyuga, A.A. Influence of Ecological Factors on the Timing of the Colorado Potato Beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) Emergence from Overwintering Sites in the Central Forest-Steppe Priobskii Agro-Landscape Region. Entmol. Rev. 103, 39–52 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0013873823010062

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