Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Faunogenetic structure of the Palearctic avifauna

  • Published:
Entomological Review Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

On the basis of known views on the types of faunas and faunistic complexes regarded as subordinated categories of faunogenetic classification, an integrated typological concept of the Palearctic fauna is proposed. Seven types of avifauna are distinguished: Arctic, Siberian, European, Chinese, Nomadic, and Himalay an types characteristic of the corresponding subregions of the Palearctic and the connecting Euro-Chinese type, each usually including two to three zonal and one or two intrazonal faunistic complexes. Their volume, geographic and ecological connections, and history of formation are considered, and typical representatives are listed. This classification may be applied in zoogeographic research, zoning of the Palearctic, and analysis and typing of the fauna. Methodological aspects of practical applications of the proposed concept are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. V. G. Babenko, Birds of the Lower Amur Region (Prometei, Moscow, 2000) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  2. A. G. Bannikov and A. A. Sludskii, “On the Independence of the Palearctic Semidesert Faunistic Complex,” in Proceedings of All-Union Conference on Land Zoogeography (Tashkent, 1963), pp. 21–22.

  3. M. Begon, J. Harper, and C. Townsend, Ecology. Individuals Populations and Communities (Black well Scientific Publications, Oxford, USA, 1986).

    Google Scholar 

  4. V. P. Belik, Candidate’s Dissertation in Biology (Institut Zoologii AN USSR, Kiev, 1985).

    Google Scholar 

  5. V. P. Belik, “Approaches and Principles of Regional Faunogenetic Analysis,” Kavkaz. Ornitol. Vestn., No. 3, 9–18 (1992a).

  6. V. P. Belik, “Faunogenetic Structure and Connections of the Western Palearctic Ornithofauna,” Kavkaz. Ornitol. Vestn., No. 3, 19–52 (1992b).

  7. V. P. Belik, “Biotopic Distribution and Ecological Classification of Animals,” in Lectures in Memory of Prof. V.V. Stanchinskii (Smolensk, 1992c), pp. 13–16.

  8. V. P. Belik, “On Omithogeography of the Southwestern Palearctic,” in Lectures in Memory of Prof. V.V. Stanchinskii (Smolensk, 1995), Issue 2, pp. 116–120.

  9. V. P. Belik, “Ornithogeographic Zoning of the Don Steppe Region: Recent Statics and Dynamics of Territorial Bird Distribution,” Berkut 5(2), 111–124 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  10. V. P. Belik, Doctoral Dissertation in Biology (IPEE RAN, Moscow, 1998).

    Google Scholar 

  11. V.P. Belik, Birds of the Don Steppe Region: Formation of the Fauna, Its Anthropogenic Transformation, and Problems of Conservation (Rostov. State Univ., Rostovon-Don, 2000) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  12. V. P. Belik, “Large-Scale Transformations of the Eastern European Avifauna in the 20th Century and Their Possible Causes,” in Orinithology (Mosk. Gos. Univ., Moscow, 2003), Issue 30, pp. 25–31.

    Google Scholar 

  13. V. P. Belik, B. A. Kazakov, and V. S. Petrov, “Distribution and Relationships of Two Species of Nightingales in the Northern Caucasus,” Vestn. Zool., No. 5, 17–23 (1989).

  14. I. R. Beme, “Ornitogeographic Position of Palearctic High Mountains,” Byull. Mosk. O-va Ispyt. Prir., Nov. Ser., Otd. Biol. 66(2), 39–43 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  15. R. L. Beme, “Experience in Ornithogeographic Zoning of Palearctic High Mountains,” in Ornithology (Mosk. Gos. Univ., Moscow, 1963), Issue 6, pp. 227–234.

    Google Scholar 

  16. R. L. Beme, Birds of the Southern Palearctic (Mosk. Gos. Univ., Moscow, 1975) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  17. I. R. Beme and R. L. Beme, “Establishment of Acoustic Signaling in Ontogeny and Phylogenetic Relations of Redstarts of the Genus Phoenicurus (Passeriformes, Turdidae),” Zool. Zh. 65(3), 378–386 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  18. R. L. Beme and D. A. Banin, Mountain Avifauna of the Southern Palearctic (Mosk. Gos. Univ., Moscow, 2001) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  19. V. L. Bianki, “A Revision of Theses and Views Expressed in My Paper “Main Concepts of Zoogeografic Units in General and of Nontropical Units of the Old World in Particular,” Izv. Ross. Akad. Nauk, 29–36 (1918).

  20. J. Blondel, “Historical and Ecological Evidence on the Development of Mediterranean Avifauna,” in Proceedings of XVIII International Ornithological Congress (Moscow, 1985), pp. 373–385.

  21. J. T. Blondel, F. Catzeflis, and P. Perret, “From Biogeography to Molecules in the Mediterranean Warbles,” J. Ornithol. 135(3), 367 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  22. N. A. Bobrinskii, Animal Geography (Uchpedgiz, Moscow, 1951).

    Google Scholar 

  23. V. V. Brunov, “Experience in Analysis of Faunistic Groups of Birds from the Palearctic Taiga,” Byull. Mosk. O-va Ispyt. Prir., Otd. Biol., No. 5, 5–15 (1978).

  24. V. V. Brunov, “On Some Faunistic Groups of Birds from the Eurasian Taiga,” in Current Problems in Zoogeography (Nauka, Moscow, 1980), pp. 217–254 [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  25. V. V. Brunov, “Analysis of the Map “Bird Fauna of the Far East,” Scale 1:4 000 000,” in Proceedings of the 8th All-Union Zoogeographical Conference (Moscow, 1984), pp. 280–281.

  26. A. D. Bukshtynov, B. I. Groshev, and G. V. Krylov, Forests (Mysl’, Moscow, 1981) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  27. N. N. Danilov, V. N. Ryzhanovskii, and V. K. Ryabitsev, Birds of Yamal (Nauka, Moscow, 1984) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  28. F. Darlington, Zoogeography: Geographic Distribution of Animals (Progress, Moscow, 1966).

    Google Scholar 

  29. A. V. Davygora and A. F. Kovshar’, “Mysterious Warbler from the Sandy Massifs of the Emby Basin,” Selevinia, 197–201 (2003).

  30. G. P. Dement’ev, “Experience in Analysis of Main Elements in the Eastern Palearctic Avifauna,” in Lectures in Memory of Acad. M.A. Menzbir (Akad. Nauk SSSR, Moscow, 1937), pp. 93–128.

    Google Scholar 

  31. G. P. Dement’ev, “On the History of the Bird Fauna of the Soviet Union,” Uch. Zap. Mosk. Gos. Univ. 197, 5–16 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  32. I. A. Dolgushin, “On the Mediterranean Fauna and the Mediterranean Subregion,” in Problems in Land Zoogeography (Lvov. Univ., Lvov, 1958), pp. 85–89.

    Google Scholar 

  33. A. N. Formozov, “On Movement and Oscillation of the Boundaries of Mammal and Bird Distribution,” in Geography of Terrestrial Animal Populations and Methods of Its Study (Akad. Nauk SSSR, Moscow, 1959), pp. 172–196.

    Google Scholar 

  34. V. G. Geptner, General Zoogeography (Biomedgiz, Moscow, 1936) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  35. V. G. Geptner, “Desert-Steppe Fauna of the Palearctic and the Foci of Its Development,” Byull. Mosk. O-va Ispyt. Prir., Otd. Biol. 50(1–2), 17–38 (1945).

    Google Scholar 

  36. V. G. Geptner, “Species and Its Range,” in Proceedings of the Conference on Land Zoogeography (Izd-vo AN Kaz. SSR, Alma-Ata, 1960), pp. 35–37.

    Google Scholar 

  37. N. L. Irisova, Passerine Birds of Altai High Mountains (Altai Univ., Barnaul, 2002) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  38. Yu. A. Isakov, “Some Problems in the Study of the Fauna and Geographic Distribution of Birds,” in Proceedings of the 2nd Baltic Ornithological Conference (Akad. Nauk SSSR, Moscow, 1957), pp. 292–307.

    Google Scholar 

  39. R. V. Kamelin, “On Some Basic Problems of Florogenetics,” Bot. Zh. 54(6), 892–901 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  40. A. A. Kishchinskii, “Arctalpine Fauna and Its Origin,” Zool. Zh. 53(7), 1036–1051 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  41. A. A. Kishchinskii, “Principles of Reconstruction of the History of Avifauna Using a Biogeographic Method,” in Adaptive Features and Bird Evolution (Nauka, Moscow, 1977), pp. 33–39.

    Google Scholar 

  42. A. A. Kishchinskii, “The Concept of Hypoarctic and Euarctic Avifaunas,” in Abstracts of Papers, Proceedings of the 7th Omithological Conference (Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 1977a), Part 1, pp. 65–67.

    Google Scholar 

  43. A. A. Kishchinskii, Birds of the Koryak Upland (Nauka, Moscow, 1980) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  44. A. A. Kishchinskii, Ornithofauna of Northeastem Asia: History and Current State (Nauka, Moscow, 1988) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  45. M. N. Korelov, “The Genus Sylvia,” in Birds of Kazakhstan (Nauka Kaz. SSR, Alma-Ata, 1972), Vol. 4, pp. 153–204 [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  46. A. F. Kovshar’, Songbirds in High Mountains of Tien Shan: Essays on the Summer Life of Background Species (Nauka Kaz. SSR, Alma-Ata, 1979) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  47. A. F. Kovshar’ and N. N. Berezovikov, “Tendencies of Change in the Boundaries of Bird Ranges in Kazakhstan in the Second Half of the 20th Century,” in Advances and Problems of Ornithology of Northern Eurasia at the Turn of the Century, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Current Problems of Bird Study and Conservation in Eastern Europe and Northem Asia (Magarif, Kazan, 2001), pp. 250–270.

    Google Scholar 

  48. E. V. Kozlova, “Avifauna of the Tibet Upland, Its Family Relations, and History,” Tr. Zool. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR 9(4), 964–1028 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  49. E. V. Kozlova, “On Methods for Studying Regional Ornithofaunas,” Tr. Probl. Tematich. Soveshch. Zool. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Vol. 9: The First All-Union Ornithological Conference, 1960, pp. 56–60.

  50. E. V. Kozlova, Birds of Zonal Steppes and Deserts of Central Asia (Nauka, Leningrad, 1975) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  51. V. G. Krivenko, Waterfowl and Their Protection (Agropromizdat, Moscow, 1991) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  52. A. N. Krishtofovich, “Evolution of Plant Cover in the Geologic Past and Its Main Factors,” Mat. Istor. Flory Rastitel’nosti SSSR, No. 2, 21–86 (1946).

  53. V. V. Kucheruk, “Steppe Faunistic Complex of Mammals and Its Place in the Paleartic Fauna,” in Geography of Population of Land Animals and Methods of Its Study (Akad. Nauk SSSR, Moscow, 1959), pp. 45–87 [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  54. I. L. Kulik, “Taiga Faunistic Complex of Mammals in Eurasia,” Byull. Mosk. O-va Ispyt. Prir., Otd. Biol. 77(4), 11–24 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  55. I. L. Kulik, “Comparative Analysis of Faunistic Complexes of Mammals (Mammalia) from the Forest Zone of Northern Eurasia,” in Theriology (Nuka, Novosibirsk, 1974), Vol. 2, pp. 151–161 [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  56. A. I. Kurentsov, Zoogeography of the Amur Region (Nauka, Moscow, 1965) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  57. B. A. Kuznetsov, Essay on Zoogeographic Zoning of the Soviet Union (Izd-vo Mosk. O-va Ispyt. Prirody, Moscow, 1950) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  58. V. V. Leonovich, “Problems in Genesis of Avifauna in Sandy Deserts of Middle Asia,” in Ornithology (Mosk. Gos. Univ., Moscow, 1983), Issue 18, pp. 23–32.

    Google Scholar 

  59. E. G. Lobkov, Nesting Birds of Kamchatka (DVNTS Akad. Nauk SSSR, Vladvostok, 1986) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  60. E. N. Matyushkin, “On Relations of the European and Chinese Types of the Fauna,” in Urgent Issues of Zoogeography (Shittintsa, Chisinau, 1975), pp. 153–154.

    Google Scholar 

  61. E. N. Matyushkin, “The European-Eastern Asian Range Disruption in Land Vertebrates,” Zool. Zh. 55(9), 1277–1291 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  62. E. Mayr, Animal Species and Evolution (London, 1965).

  63. Yu. I. Mel’nikov, “Dynamics of Bird Fauna in Eastern Siberia in the 20th Century and Its Main Causes,” in Current Problems of Bird Study and Conservation in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia, in Proceedings of XI International Ornithological Conference (Kazan, 2001), pp. 416–417.

  64. M. A. Menzbir, Ornithological Geography of the European Part of the Soviet Union (Moscow, 1882), Part 1 [in Russian].

  65. M. A. Menzbir, Essay on the History of Fauna in the European Part of the Soviet Union (Biomedgiz, Moscow, 1934) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  66. F. N. Mil’kov, Landscape Sphere of the Earth (Mysl’, Moscow, 1970) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  67. O. V. Mitropol’skii, “Materials for the Study of the White-Throated Robin (Irania gutturalis) in Transcaucasia,” in Fauna and Ecology of Birds in Uzbekistan (Samarkand, 1989), pp. 111–115.

  68. A. A. Nazarenko, “Cenotic Relicts and Landscape Preferences of Nemoral Ornithofauna in the South of the Far East,” in Ornithology (Mosk. Gos. Univ., Moscow, 1968), Issue 9, pp. 121–130.

    Google Scholar 

  69. V. A. Nechaev, Birds of Sakhalin (DVO AN SSSR, Vladivostok, 1991) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  70. G. V. Nikol’skii, “On Specific Biological Features of Faunistic Complexes and the Importance of Their Analysis for Zoogeography,” Zool. Zh. 26(3), 221–232 (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  71. A. A. Nitsenko, “On the Genesis of Plant Cover Types,” Bot. Zh. 46(10), 1444–1464 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  72. G. A. Novikov, “Stenobiontic Properties and Ecological Flexibility of Higher Vertebrates,” Vestn. Leningr., Univ., Ser, Biol., No. 21, Issue 4, 65–74 (1957).

  73. M. G. Popov, “On the History of Flora Development (Florogenesis) in Ukraine,” Byull. Mosk. O-va Ispyt. Prir., Otd. Biol. 52(1), 91–108 (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  74. M. G. Popov, Foundations of Florogenetics (Akad. Nauk SSSR, Moscow, 1963) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  75. L. A. Portenko, Birds of the Soviet Union (Akad. Nauk SSSR, Moscow, 1960), Part 4 [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  76. L. A. Portenko, “Ornithogeographic Zoning of the Soviet Union,” Tr. Zool. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR 35, 61–66 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  77. I. I. Puzanov, Zoogeography (Uchpedgiz, Moscow, 1938) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  78. E. N. Ravkin, Doctoral Dissertation in Biology (MPGU, Moscow, 2004).

    Google Scholar 

  79. N. F. Reimers, Birds and Mammals of the Southem Taiga Subzone of Central Siberia (Nauka, Moscow, 1966) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  80. E. V. Rogacheva, Birds of Central Siberia: Distribution, Abundance, and Zoogeography (Nauka, Moscow, 1988) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  81. A. K. Rustamov, Birds of the Kara Kum Desert (AN Turkm. SSR, Askkhabad, 1954) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  82. A. K. Rustamov, “Zoning and Delimitation of Land-scape-Faunistic Complexes in Zoogeographic Analysis,” in Problems of Land Zoogeography (Lvov. Univ., Lvov, 1958), pp. 229–234.

    Google Scholar 

  83. A. K. Rustamov, “Some Problems in the Zoogeographic Study of Regional Faunas,” in Proceedings of the 3rd All-Union Ornithological Conference (Lvov. Univ., Lvov, 1962), Part 2, pp. 165–167.

    Google Scholar 

  84. V. K. Ryabitsev, Birds of the Urals, Ural Region, and Western Siberia: Guide and Identification Key (Ural’sk. Univ., Yekterinburg, 2001) [in Russian]

    Google Scholar 

  85. P. L. Sclater, “On the General Geographical Distribution of the Members of the Class Aves,” Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. 2, 130–145 (1858).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. P. V. Serebrovskii, “On the Ornithofauna of Western Asia,” Ezhegodn. Zool. Muz. Akad. Nauk SSSR 29, 289–392 (1929).

    Google Scholar 

  87. N. A. Severtsov, “On Zoological (Mainly Ornithological) Regions in Nontropical Parts of Our Continent,” Izv. Russ. Geogr. O-va 13, 125–153 (1877).

    Google Scholar 

  88. B. K. Shtegman, “On the Principles of Zoogeographic Division of the Palearctic Based on the Study of Ornithofauna Types,” Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Biol., Nos. 2/3, 523–563 (1936).

  89. B. K. Shtegman, “Foundations of the Ornithogeographic Division of the Palearctic,” in Fauna of the Soviet Union: Birds (AN SSSR, Moscow, 1938), Vol. 1, Part 2, pp. 1–157.

    Google Scholar 

  90. B. K. Shtegman, “Relics of the Tethys Sea in the Avifauna of Kazakhstan and the Mediterranean Region,” Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 60(8), 1457–1460 (1948).

    Google Scholar 

  91. B. K. Shtegman, “On Pathways of Fauna Formation and Methods of Their Study,” Izv. Vses. Geogr. O-va 82(4), 392–395 (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  92. B. K. Shtegman, “Endemism in the Avifauna of Eurasian Steppes,” in In Memory of Acad. L.S. Berg (Akad. Nauk SSSR, Moscow, 1955), pp. 403–420.

    Google Scholar 

  93. G. N. Simkin and V. D. Il’ichev, “Geographic Variation in the Voice of Animals As an Ecological and Evolutionary Problem,” Zool. Zh. 44(4), 483–493 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  94. L. S. Stepanyan, “On Principles of Omithogeographic Analysis of Regional Faunas,” in Proceedings of the 1st Scientific Conference of Zoologists of Pedagogical Institutes of the Russian Federation (Moscow, 1962), pp. 107–109.

  95. L. S. Stepanyan, “Mountain-Desert Avifaunistic Group of Western Asia and Its Ornithogeographic Assessment,” in Omithology (Mosk. Gos. Univ., Moscow, 1967), Issue 8, pp. 123–132.

    Google Scholar 

  96. L. S. Stepanyan, L.S., Superspecies and Twin Species in the Avifauna of the Soviet Union (Nauka, Moscow, 1983) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  97. L. S. Stepanyan, A Synopsis of Ornithofauna of the Soviet Union (Nauka, Moscow, 1990) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  98. M. S. Stishov, “Biotopic Distribution and Latitudinal-Landscape Groups of Birds on Vrangel Island,” Zool. Zh. 64(5), 722–729 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  99. M. S. Stishov, “Interlandscape Distribution of Birds in the Typical Tundra Subzone (an Example of Aion Island, the Western Chukchi Peninsula),” Zool. Zh. 69(9), 73–83 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  100. P. P. Sushkin, “Zoological Regions of Central Siberia and Nearest Mountain Regions of Asia, and Experience in the History of Recent Fauna of Palearctic Asia,” Byull. Mosk. O-va Ispyt. Prir., Otd. Biol. 34, 7–86 (1925).

    Google Scholar 

  101. The Birds of the Soviet Union, 1951–1954 (Sov. Nauka, Moscow, 1951, 1951, 1951, 1952, 1954, 1954), Vols. 1–6 [in Russian].

  102. The Birds of the Soviet Union, 1951–1960 (AN SSSR, Leningrad, 1951, 1953, 1954, 1960), Parts 1–4 [in Russian].

  103. The Birds of the Western Palearctic: Concise Edition, Vol. 1: Non-Passerines, Ed. by D. W. Snow and C. M. Perrins (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 1998a), pp. 1–1008.

    Google Scholar 

  104. The Birds of the Western Palearctic: Concise Edition, Vol. 2: Passerines, Ed. by D. W. Snow and C. M. Perrins (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998b), pp. 1009–1697.

    Google Scholar 

  105. A. I. Tolmachev, “Some Main Concepts of Florogenetics,” in Abstracts of Papers, Delegate Congress of the All-Union Botanical Society (Leningrad, 1957), Vol. 3, Part 1, pp. 44–49.

    Google Scholar 

  106. N. V. Tupikova, Zoological Mapping (Mosk. Gos. Univ., Moscow, 1969) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  107. N. V. Tupikova, “Mapping the Animal World,” Itogi Nauki Tekh., Ser.: Biogeogr., Issue 1, 98–218 (1976).

  108. Ch. Vairie, The Birds of the Palearctic Fauna: Passeriformes (Witherby, London, 1959).

    Google Scholar 

  109. Ch. Vairie, “A Survey of the Birds of Mongolia,” Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 127, 105–143 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  110. Ch. Vairie, The Birds of the Palearctic Fauna: Non-Passeriformes (Witherby, London, 1965).

    Google Scholar 

  111. M. A. Voinstvenskii, The Birds of the Steppe Belt of the Soviet Union (AN USSR, Kiev, 1960) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  112. K. H. Voous, “List of Recent Holarctic Bird Species: Passerines,” Ibis 119(2), 223–250 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  113. A. G. Voronov, N. N. Drozdov, D. A. Krivolutskii, and E. G. Myalo, Biogeography with Fundamentals of Ecology (Mosk. Gos. Univ., Moscow, 2002) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  114. E. M. Vorontsov, Experience in Ecogeographic Analysis of the Ornithofauna of Mixed Forests in the European Part of the Soviet Union (Khark. Univ., Kharkov, 1954) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  115. A. R. Wallace, The Geographical Distribution of Animals, 2 Vols. (Macmillan & Co., London, 1876).

    Google Scholar 

  116. H. E. Wolters, Die Vogel der Erde (Parey, Berlin, 1982).

    Google Scholar 

  117. E. V. Wulf, Historical Geography of Plants: History of Floras of the Earth (AN SSSR, Moscow, 1944) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  118. V. S. Zhukov, Chorological Analysis of Northern Eurasian Ornithofauna: A Landscape-Ecological Aspect (Novosibirsk, 2004) [in Russian].

  119. L. A. Zenkevich, “On Tasks, Object, and Method of Marine Biogeography,” Zool. Zh. 26(3), 201–220 (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  120. G. M. Zozulin, “Historical Suites of Vegetation,” Bot. Zh. 55(1), 23–33 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  121. G. M. Zozulin, “Historical Suites of Vegetation in the European Part of the Soviet Union,” Bot. Zh. 58(8), 1081–1092 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Rostov State Pedagogical University, Rostov-on-Don, 344065, Russia

    V. P. Belik

Authors
  1. V. P. Belik
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

Original Russian Text © V.P. Belik, 2006, published in Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 2006, Vol. 85, no. 3, pp. 298–316.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Belik, V.P. Faunogenetic structure of the Palearctic avifauna. Entmol. Rev. 86 (Suppl 1), S15–S31 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0013873806100022

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0013873806100022

Keywords

Search

Navigation