Abstract—
The structure of interplanetary shock fronts was studied based on the data from the BMSW plasma spectrometer, installed on the SPEKTR-R spacecraft, supplemented by magnetic field measurements on the WIND spacecraft. Special attention was paid to periodic growths (overshoots) in the value of the ion flux or magnetic field relative to their mean values outside the ramp. A comparison was performed with the overshoot in the magnetic field, with the Mach number, and with the β parameter. Based on an analysis of 18 intersections of interplanetary shock fronts, in which the overshoots in the ion flux and magnetic field value were observed, it was shown that the value of the magnetic field overshoot is, on the average, less than a similar value in the solar wind’s ion flux, which is associated with different time resolution of measurements. The ion flux overshoot value is found to grow with the growth of the Mach number, in the same way, as the value of the magnetic field overshoot. It is shown that overshoots are formed not only in the supercritical shocks, but also in those with Mach numbers that are less than the value of the first critical Mach number. It is also found that the estimates of the wavelength of the ion flux and magnetic field oscillations behind the ramp well correlate with the value of a gyroradius of captured ions.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Sagdeev, R.Z., Collective processes and shock waves in low-density plasma, Voprosy teorii plazmy (Problems in Plasma Theory), Leontovich, M.A., Ed., Moscow: Atomizdat, 1964, vol. 4, pp. 20–80.
Galeev, A.A. and Sagdeev, R.Z., Lecture on the nonlinear theory of plasma, Trieste, Italy, 1966, p. 38.
Tidman, D.A., Turbulent shock waves in plasma, Phys. Fluids, 1967, vol. 10, pp. 547–568.
Formisano, V., Collisionless shock waves in space and astrophysical plasmas, in Workshop on Future Missions in Solar, Heliospheric and Space Plasma Physics, Proc. ESA Workshop, Noordwijk, The Netherlands: ESA Scientific and Technical Publications Branch, 1985, p. 83.
Kennel, C.F., Edmiston, J.P., and Hada, T., A quarter century of collisionless shock research, in Collisionless Shocks in the Heliosphere: A Tutorial Review, Stone, R.G. and Tsurutani, B.T., Eds., Washington, D.C.: Am. Geophys. Union, 1985, vol. 34, pp. 1–36.
Mellott, M.M. and Greenstadt, E.W., The structure of oblique subcritical bow shocks ISEE-1 and 2 observations, J. Geophys. Res., 1984, vol. 89, no. A4, pp. 2151–2161.
Lembège, B., Giacalone, J., Scholer, M., et al., Selected problems collisionless shock physics, Space Sci. Rev., 2004, vol. 110, pp. 161–226.
Bale, S.D., Balikhin, M.A., Horbury, T.S., et al., Quasi-perpendicular shock structure and processes, Space Sci. Rev., 2005, vol. 118, pp. 161–203.
Krasnoselskikh, V., Balikhin, M., Walker, S.N., et al., The dynamic quasiperpendicular shock: Cluster discoveries, Space Sci. Rev., 2013, vol. 178, nos. 2–4, pp. 535–598.
Borodkova, N.L., Eselevich, V.G., Zastenker, G.N., et al., Fine structure of interplanetary shock front: Results from BMSW experiment with high time resolution, J. Geophys. Res., 2019, vol. 124. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JA026255
Farris, M.H., Russell, C.T., and Thomsen, M.F., Magnetic structure of the low beta, quasi-perpendicular shock, J. Geophys. Res., 1993, vol. 98, pp. 15285–15 294.
Wilson, L.B. III, Koval, A., Szabo, A., et al., Revisiting the structure of low-Mach number, low-beta, quasi-perpendicular shocks, J. Geophys. Res., 2017, vol. 122, no. 9, pp. 9115–9133.
Ramírez Vélez, J.C., Blanco-Cano, X., Aguilar-Rodriguez, E., et al., Whistler waves associated with weak interplanetary shocks, J. Geophys. Res., 2012, vol. 117, A11103. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JA017573
Thomsen, M.F., Gosling, J.T., Bame, S.J., et al., Ion and electron heating at collisionless shocks near the critical Mach number, J. Geophys. Res., 1985, vol. 90, pp. 137–148.
Gedalin, M., Ion dynamics and distribution at the quasiperpendicular collisionless shock front, Surv. Geophys., 1997, vol. 18, pp. 541–566.
Hobara, Y., Balikhin, M., Krasnoselskikh, V., et al., Statistical study of the quasi-perpendicular shock ramp widths, J. Geophys. Res., 2010, vol. 115, A11106. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JA015659
Mazelle, C., Lembège, B., Morgenthaler, A., et al., Self-reformation of the quasi-perpendicular shock: Cluster observations, AIP Conf. Proc., 2010, pp. 471–474.
Němeček, Z., Šafránková, J., Goncharov, O., et al., Ion scales of quasi-perpendicular low-Mach-number interplanetary shocks, Geophys. Res. Lett., 2013, vol. 40, pp. 4133–4137.
Sapunova, O.V., Borodkova, N.L., Zastenker, G.N., et al., Fine structure of interplanetary shock fronts from the data of the BMSW instrument of the PLASMA-F experiment, Cosmic Res., 2017, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 396–402.
Heppner, J.P., Sugiura, M., Skillman, T.L., et al., OGO-A magnetic field observations, J. Geophys. Res., 1967, vol. 72, no. 11, pp. 5417–5471.
Russell, C.T. and Greenstadt, E.W., Initial ISEE magnetometer results—Shock observation, Space Sci. Rev., 1979, vol. 23, pp. 3–37.
Leroy, M.M., Goodrich, C.C., Winske, D., et al., The structure of perpendicular bow shocks, J. Geophys. Res., 1982, vol. 87, pp. 5081–5094.
Livesey, W.A., Kennel, C.F., and Russell, C.T., ISEE-1 and -2 observations of magnetic field strength overshoots in quasi-perpendicular bow shocks, Geophys. Res. Lett., 1982, vol. 9, pp. 1037–1040.
Sckopke, N., Paschmann, G., Bame, S.J., et al., Evolution of ion distributions across the nearly perpendicular bow shock-specularly and non-specularly reflected-gyrating ions, J. Geophys. Res., 1983, vol. 88, pp. 6121–6136.
Russell, C.T., Hoppe, M.M., and Livesey, W.A., Overshoots in planetary bow shocks, Nature, 1982, vol. 296, pp. 45–48.
Edmiston, J.P. and Kennel, C.F., A parametric survey of the first critical Mach number for a fast MHD shock, J. Plasma Phys., 1984, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 429–441.
Mellott, M.M. and Livesey, W.A., Shock overshoots revisited, J. Geophys. Res., 1987, vol. 92, pp. 13661–13665.
Tatrallyay, M., Gevai, G., Apathy, I., et al., Magnetic field overshoots in the Martian bow shock, J. Geophys. Res., 1997, vol. 102, pp. 2157–2163.
Saxena, R., Bale, S., and Horbury, T.S., Wavelength and decay length of density overshoot structure in supercritical, collisionless bow shocks, Phys. Plasmas, 2005, vol. 12, id 052904. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1900093
Balikhin, M.A., Nozdrachev, M., Dunlop, M., et al., Observation of the terrestrial bow shock in quasi-electrostatic subshock regime, J. Geophys. Res., 2002, vol. 107, pp. 1155–1163.
Newbury, J.A., Russell, C.T., and Gedalin, M., The ramp width of high-Mach-number, quasi-perpendicular collisionless shock, J. Geophys. Res., 1998, vol. 103, pp. 29581–29593.
Kajdič, P., Preisser, L., Blanco-Cano, X., et al., First observations of irregular surface of interplanetary shocks at ion scales by cluster, Astrophys. J. Lett., 2019, vol. 874, id L13.
Dimmock, A.P., Russell, C.T., Sagdeev, R.Z., et al., Direct evidence of nonstationary collisionless shocks in space plasmas, Sci. Adv., 2019, vol. 5, no. 2, eaau9926. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau9926
Šafránková, J., Němeček, Z., Přech, L., et al., Fast solar wind monitor (BMSW): Description and first results, Space Sci. Rev., 2013, vol. 175, pp. 165–182.
Zastenker, G.N., Šafránková, J., Němeček, Z., et al., Fast measurements of parameters of the solar wind using the BMSW instrument, Cosmic Res., 2013, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 78–89.
Lepping, R.P., Acuña, M.H., Burlaga, L.F., et al., The wind magnetic field investigation, Space Sci. Rev., 1995, vol. 71, pp. 207–229.
Weygand, J.M., Matthaeus, W.H., Kivelson, M.G., et al., Magnetic correlation functions in the slow and fast solar wind in the Eulerian reference frame, J. Geophys. Res., 2013, vol. 118, pp. 3995–4004.
Matthaeus, W.H., Weygand, J.M., and Dasso, S., Ensemble space–time correlation of plasma turbulence in the solar wind, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2016, vol. 116, 245101. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.245101
Eselevich, M.V. and Eselevich, V.G., Fractal structure of the heliospheric plasma sheet in the Earth’s orbit, Geomagn. Aeron. (Engl. Transl.), 2005, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 326–336.
Balikhin, M.A., Zhang, T.L., Gedalin, M., et al., Venus express observes a new type of shock with pure kinematic relaxation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 2008, vol. 35 L01103. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL032495
Omidi, N., Blanco-Cano, X., and Russell, C.T., Macrostructure of collisionless bow shocks: 1. Scale lengths, J. Geophys. Res., 2005, vol. 110, A12212. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JA011169
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors express their gratitude to the NASA CDAWEB for the possibility of using the data on plasma and magnetic field parameters measured on the WIND and Cluster satellites.
Funding
This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, grant no. 16-12-10062.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Translated by Yu. Preobrazhensky
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Borodkova, N.L., Sapunova, O.V., Eselevich, V.G. et al. Comparison of Magnetic and Plasma Overshoots of Interplanetary Shocks. Cosmic Res 58, 450–459 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0010952520060015
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0010952520060015