Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The reflection model for propagation of solar cosmic rays

  • Published:
Cosmic Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The principles of constructing the model are considered in this paper, together with the issues of its components and physical algorithm. The main emphasis is placed on the cause-and-effect relationships between the structure and dynamics of the solar and interplanetary media and the motion of solar cosmic ray particles. The specific features of the initial phase of motion of the particles after their acceleration in a solar flare are considered, as well as the subsequent phase of further particle propagation in the solar corona, and the phase of motion in the heliosphere. The processes of transport of charged particles in flare plasma ejections are considered in detail.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Lyubimov, G.P., Reflection Model of SCR Motion in Loop Traps, Astron. Tsirkulyar AN SSSR, 1988, no. 1531, p. 19.

  2. Ishkov, V.N., Kolesov, G.Ya., Logachev, Yu.I., et al., A Series of Solar Proton Events Observed from One Active Region in July 1985 onboard Prognoz-10 and Interkosmos Satellites, and onboard Vega-1 and Vega-2 Interplanetary Stations, Kosm. Issled., 1989, vol. 27, no. 3, p. 402.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Volodichev, N.N., and Lyubimov, G.P., SCR Bursts at Large Distances, in Materialy Vsesoyuznoi konf. po fizike kosmicheskikh luchei, Ch. II (Proc. of All-Union Conf. on Cosmic Ray Physics, pt. II), Alma-Ata: Izd. KazGU, p. 49.

  4. Ermakov, S.I., Kontor, N.N., and Lyubimov, G.P., Reflection Model of Solar Cosmic Ray Propagation, 21 st Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf., Australia, Adelaida, 1990, vol. 5, p. 213.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Volodichev, N.N., Lyubimov, G.P., Grigorjeva, V.P., and Prokudina, V.S., Solar Protons with Energies above 50 MeV and 500 MeV in the Extended Closed Magnetic Structure in April–May 1981, 21 st Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf., Australia, Adelaida, 1990, vol. 5, p. 191.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Ermakov, S.I., Kontor, N.N., and Lyubimov, G.P., A Burst of SCR in March 1990, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Fiz., 1991, vol. 55, no. 10, p. 1889.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. Lyubimov, G.P., and Chuchkov, E.A., A System of Loop Interplanetary Traps for SCR in June 1974,, Kosm. Issled., 1991, vol. 29, no. 6, p. 911.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Ermakov, S.I., Lyubimov, G.P., and Tulupov, V.I., A Model for the Cosmic Ray Event on March 23–31, 1991, Kosm. Issled., 1995, vol. 33, no. 2, p. 128.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Grigorenko, E.E. and Lyubimov, G.P., June 1991 Cosmic-Ray Event from the Granat Satellite Data, Kosm. Issled., 1997, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 593.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. Lyubimov, G.P. and Grigorenko, E.E., An Analysis of June 1991 Cosmic Ray Event according to the Granat Satellite Data, Vestn. Mosk. Gos. Univ., Ser. 3: Fiz., Astron., 1998, no. 2, p. 21.

  11. Grigorenko E.E. and Lyubimov, G.P. Several Small Proton Events in Years 1990–1991 by Data of the GRANAT Satellite, Kosm. Issled., 1999, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 374.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Lyubimov, G.P. and Tulupov, V.I., A Series of Proton Flares in July 1985 from Observations by the Prognoz-10 Satellite and Vega-1, 2 Spacecraft,, Kosm. Issled., 2003, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 23–32.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Grigorenko, E.E. and Lyubimov, G.P., Reflection Model as Applied for the Analysis of Enhancements of Solar Cosmic Rays at Different heliocentric Distances: An Example of the Event Observed in June 1991 onboard GRANAT and ULYSSES Spacecraft, Kosm. Issled., 2004, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 228–237.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Ermakov, S.I., Lyubimov, G.P., Tulupov, V.I., and Chuchkov, E.A., A Model of the Cosmic Ray Burst on March 19, 1990, Kosm. Issled., 2007, vol. 45. (in press).

  15. Lyubimov, G.P., Local Radiation Belts of the Sun (Quasi-Stationary Coronal and Heliospheric Giant Traps for Solar Cosmic Rays), Kosm. Issled., 2002, vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 610–615.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Lyubimov, G.P., Diagnostic Methods of Studying Interplanetary Magnetic Field, Solar Wind Plasma, and Their Sources on the Sun, Izv. Ross. Akad. Nauk, Ser. Fiz., 2003, vol. 67, no. 3, p. 353.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Vernov, S.N., Chudakov, A.E., Vakulov, P.V., et al., A Study of Solar and Cosmic Radiation from the Venus-4 Space Probe, Space Res. IX. Proc., Tokyo, 1969, p. 203.

  18. Vernov, S.N., Lyubimov, G.P., and Pereslegina, N.V., The Interplanetary Space Structure as Observed Using Low-Energy Cosmic Rays in 1965–69, in Trudy VI Vsesoyuznoi zimnei shkoly po kosmofizike (Proc. 6th All-Union School in Cosmophysics), Apatity, 1969, p. 173.

  19. Vernov, S.N., Chudakov, A.E., Vakulov, P.V., et al., Propagation of Solar and Galactic Cosmic Rays of Low Energies in Interplanetary Medium, Astrophys. Space Sci. Library, 1970, vol. 19, p. 53.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. Lyubimov, G.P., Kontor, N.N., and Pereslegina, N.V., Propagation of ‘Localized’ Solar Cosmic Rays, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Fiz., 1971, vol. 35, no. 12, p. 2428.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Vernov S.N. and Lyubimov, G.P., Low-Energy Cosmic Rays in Interplanetary Space, STR/70, Part II, Holland: D. Reidel, 1972, p. 92.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Vernov, S.N., Kontor, N.N., Pereslegina, N.V., et al., Solar Cosmic Ray Bursts in November–December 1970 according to Data from Venus-7 Space Probe and Lunokhod-1 Station, Space Research, 1972, vol. 12, p. 1535.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Lyubimov, G.P., Pereslegina, N.V., and Kontor, N.N., Propagation of Solar Cosmic Rays in the Interplanetary Medium, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Fiz., 1972, vol. 36, no. 11, p. 2297.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Pereslegina, N.V. and Lyubimov, G.P., Enhancement of the Intensity of Solar Protons in July 1970,, Kosm. Issled., 1973, vol. 11, no. 2, p. 236.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Lyubimov, G.P., Low-Energy SCR in Inhomogeneous Interplanetary Medium, in Trudy IX Leningradskogo mezhdunar. seminara (Proc. 9th Leningrad International Seminar), Dubna, 1978, p. 213.

  26. Pereslegina, N.V., Tulupov, V.I., and Chuchkov, E.A., Features of Solar Proton Propagation in 1970–1975, Phys. Solarit, Potsdam, 1978, no. 8, p. 49.

  27. Lyubimov, G.P., Tulupov, V.I., and Chuchkov, E.A., The ∼1 GeV Solar Cosmic Rays in the Forbush-Effect of February 15, 1978, 17 th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf., France, Paris, 1981, vol. 3, p. 121.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Lyubimov, G.P., Kontor, N.N., Pereslegina, N.V., and Ignat’ev, P.P., Anisotropy of Solar Protons and Irregularities of Interplanetary Medium, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Fiz., 1976, vol. 40, no. 3, p. 462.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. Lyubimov, G.P. and Pereslegina, N.V., Quasistationary Injection of Solar Protons with Energies above 30 MeV, 18 th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf., 1983, vol. 4, p. 165.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Vernov, S.N., Tverskoi, B.A., Borodin, N.F., et al., Measurements of the Fluxes of Protons and Alpha-Particles onboard Venera-11 and Venera-12 Interplanetary Stations, Kosm. Issled., 1979, vol. 17, no. 5, p. 804.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Ermakov, S.I., Kontor, N.N., Lyubimov, G.P., et al., Analysis of Enhancements of Proton Fluxes in the Interplanetary Medium Using the Data of Venera-13 and Venera-14 Spacecraft, Kosm. Issled., 1983, vol. 21, no. 3, p. 466.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Ermakov, S.I., Kontor, N.N., Lyubimov, G.P., et al., Observations of Bursts in Solar Cosmic Rays on a Large Heliolongitude Base, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Fiz., vol. 52, no. 4, p. 818.

  33. Chuchkov, E.A., Pereslegina, N.V., Lyubimov, G.P., et al., Investigation of Cosmic Rays onboard Automatic Interplanetary Stations Venera-15 and Venera-16, Kosm. Issled., vol. 26, no. 5, p. 753.

  34. Lyubimov, G.P. and Pereslegina, N.V., Imprinting of the Structure of Solar Chromosphere and Corona in Solar Wind and Interplanetary Magnetic Field, Astron. Zh., 1985, vol. 62, no. 4, p. 780.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  35. Lyubimov, G.P., Extension of Magnetic Loops in the Solar Atmosphere, Astron. Tsirkulyar AN SSSR, 1986, no. 1441, p. 5.

  36. Zombeck, M.V., Vaiana, G.S., Haggerty, R., et al., An Atlas of Soft X-Ray Images of the Solar Corona from SKYLAB, Astrophys. J., Suppl. Ser., 1978, vol. 38, no. 1, p. 69.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. Frank, L.A., On the Presence of Low Energy Protons (5 < E < 50 keV) in the Interplanetary Medium, Preprint of University of Iowa, May 1969.

  38. Kenneth, H., Schatten, N., Ness, J., and Wilcox, J., Influence of a Solar Active Region on the Interplanetary Magnetic Field, Solar Physics, 1968, vol. 5, no. 2, p. 240.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. Vernov, S.N., Tverskoi, B.A., and Lyubimov, G.P., Variations of Cosmic Ray Intensity and the Solar Wind, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Fiz., 1975, vol. 39, no. 2, p. 340.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  40. Lyubimov, G.P., About Sources of Solar Wind, in Sb. “Issledovaniya solnechnoi plazmy” (Investigations of Solar Plasma: Collection of Papers), Somov, B.V., Ed., Ashkhabad: Ylym, 1989, p. 248.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Grigorenko, E.E., Lyubimov, G.P., and Tulupov, V.I., Analysis of Enhancements in Solar Cosmic Ray Intensity at Various Heliocentric Distances (according to the Reflection Model), Izv. Ross. Akad. Nauk, Ser. Fiz., 2001, vol. 65, no. 3, p. 321.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University, Vorob’evy gory, Moscow, 119899, Russia

    G. P. Lyubimov & E. E. Grigorenko

  2. Space Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

    E. E. Grigorenko

Authors
  1. G. P. Lyubimov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. E. E. Grigorenko
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

Original Russian Text © G.P. Lyubimov, E.E. Grigorenko, 2007, published in Kosmicheskie Issledovaniya, 2007, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 12–19.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Lyubimov, G.P., Grigorenko, E.E. The reflection model for propagation of solar cosmic rays. Cosmic Res 45, 9–15 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0010952507010029

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0010952507010029

PACS numbers

Search

Navigation