Abstract
In this paper, the behind-plate overpressure caused by a polytetrafluoroethylene/aluminum/tungsten (PTFE/Al/W) reactive fragment is theoretically and experimentally analyzed. The theoretical energy of the PTFE/Al/W reactive materials is calculated by analyzing the chemical reaction of these compositions. Furthermore, based on the one-dimensional shock wave theory and the energy release behavior of the reactive fragment, an analytical model of the behind-plate overpressure is developed. By using binary quadratic polynomial fitting, a polynomial expression of the mass loss of the initiated reactive materials is derived based on the experimental data. The results show that the theoretical analysis model can be used for estimating the overpressure when a reactive fragment impacts an aluminum plate within experimental conditions.
REFERENCES
B. Q. Geng, H. F. Wang, Q. B. Yu, et al., “Bulk Density Homogenization and Impact Initiation Characteristics of Porous PTFE/Al/W Reactive Materials," Mater. 13 (10), 2271 (2020); DOI: 10.3390/ma13102271.
J. Nable, A. Mercado, and A. Sherman, “Novel Energetic Composite Materials," MRS Online Proc. Library 896, 103 (2005); DOI: 10.1557/PROC-0896-H01-03.
H. Martinez, Z. Y. Zheng, and W. R. Dolbier, “Energetic Materials Containing Fluorine. Design, Synthesis and Testing of Furazan-Containing Energetic Materials Bearing a Pentafluorosulfanyl Group," J. Fluorine Chem. 143, 112–122 (2012); DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2012.03.010.
“Reactive Fragment Warhead for Enhanced Neutralization of Mortar, Rocket, & Missile Threats" DE Technologies Inc., ONR-SRIR: N04-903 (2006); http://www.detk.com.
T. Vine, J. Stubberfield, D. Jobson, et al., “Penetration and Ignition Performance of Reactive Fragments," in 29th Int. Symp. on Ballistics, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK, May 9–13, 2016.
B. Sorensen, “High-Velocity Impact of Encased Al/PTFE Projectiles on Structural Aluminum Armor," Procedia Eng. 103, 569–576 (2015); DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.04.074.
M. N. Raftenberg, W. Mock (Jr.), and G. C. Kirby, “Modeling the Impact Deformation of Rods of a Pressed PTFE/Al Composite Mixture," Int. J. Impact Eng. 35 (12), 1735–1744 (2008); DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2008.07.041.
W. Mock (Jr.) and W. H. Holt, “Impact Initiation of Rods of Pressed Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and Aluminum Powders," AIP Conf. Proc. 845 (1), 1097–1100 (2006); DOI: 10.1063/1.2263514.
W. Mock (Jr.) and T. Drotar, “Effect of Aluminum Particle Size on the Impact Initiation of Pressed PTFE/Al Composite Rods," AIP Conf. Proc. 955 (1), 971–974 (2007); DOI: 10.1063/1.2833292.
R. J. Lee, W. Mock (Jr.), J. R. Carney, et al., “Reactive Materials Studies," AIP Conf. Proc. 845 (1), 169–174 (2006); DOI: 10.1063/1.2263291.
K. L. Olney, P. H. Chiu, C. W. Lee, et al., “Role of Material Properties and Mesostructure on Dynamic Deformation and Shear Instability in Al–W Granular Composites," J. Appl. Phys. 110 (11), 114908 (2011); DOI: 10.1063/1.3665644.
K. L. Olney, V. F. Nesterenko, and D. J. Benson, “Mechanisms of Fragmentation of Aluminum–Tungsten Granular Composites under Dynamic Loading," Appl. Phys. Lett. 100 (19), 191910 (2012); DOI: 10.1063/1.4711768.
J. P. Hooper, “Impact Fragmentation of Aluminum Reactive Materials," J. Appl. Phys. 112 (14), 043508 (2012); DOI: 10.1063/1.4746788.
R. G. Ames, “Energy Release Characteristics of Impact-Initiated Energetic Materials," MRS Online Proc. Library 896, 308 (2006); DOI: 10.1557/PROC-0896-H03-08.
R. G. Ames, “Vented Chamber Calorimetry for Impact-Initiated Energetic Materials," in 43rd AIAA Aerospace Sci. Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, January 10–13, 2005, AIAA Paper No. 2005–279.
H. F. Wang, Y. F. Zheng, Q. B. Yu, et al., “Impact-Induced Initiation and Energy Release Behavior of Reactive Materials," J. Appl. Phys. 110 (7), 074904 (2011); DOI: 10.1063/1.3644974.
F. Y. Xu, B. Q. Geng, X. P. Zhang, et al., “Experimental Study on Behind-Plate Overpressure Effect by Reactive Material Projectile," Propell., Explos., Pyrotech. 42 (2), 192–197 (2017); DOI: 10.1002/prep.201600086.
X. M. Cai, W. Zhang, W. B. Xie, et al., “Initiation and Energy Release Characteristics Studies on Polymer Bonded Explosive Materials under High Speed Impact," Mater. Des. 68, 18–23 (2015); DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2014.12.004.
J. Tsai and C. T. Sun, “Constitutive Model for High Strain Rate Response of Polymeric Composites," Compos. Sci. Technol. 62 (10–12), 1289–1297 (2002); DOI: 10.1016/S0266-3538(02)00064-7.
L. Wang, J. X. Liu, S. K. Li, and X. B. Zhang, “Investigation on Reaction Energy, Mechanical Behavior and Impact Insensitivity of W–PTFE–Al Composites with Different W Percentage," Mater. Des. 92, 397–404 (2016); DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2015.12.045.
X. F. Zhang, J. Zhang, L. Qiao, et al., “Experimental Study of the Compression Properties of Al/W/PTFE Granular Composites under Elevated Strain Rates," Mater. Sci. Eng. A 581, 48–55 (2013); DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2013.05.063.
Y. F. Zheng. “Research on Enhanced Lethality Effects and Mechanisms of Reactive Materials," Ph.D. Thesis (Beijing Inst. of Technol., China, 2012).
H. F. Wang et al., “Experimental Research on Igniting the Aviation Kerosene by Reactive Fragment," Acta Armament. 33 (9), 1148–1152 (2012).
Physical Chemistry (Higher Ed. Press, Tianjin Univ., 2011).
F. Y. Xu, Y. F. Zheng, Q. B. Yu, et al., “Experimental Study on Penetration Behavior of Reactive Material Projectile Impacting Aluminum Plate," Int. J. Impact Eng. 95, 125–132 (2016); DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2016.05.007.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, 2023, Vol. 59, No. 3, pp. 133-140. https://doi.org/10.15372/FGV20230313.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Xu, F.Y., Kang, J. & Wang, H.F. Analysis and Modeling of the Behind-Plate Overpressure Caused by a Polytetrafluoroethylene/Aluminum/Tungsten Reactive Fragment. Combust Explos Shock Waves 59, 375–381 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0010508223030139
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0010508223030139