Skip to main content
Log in

Identification of Melting of Lead Samples Recovered after Shock-Wave Loading and Unloading by Metallographic Analysis

  • Published:
Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves Aims and scope

Abstract

This paper presents the results of metallographic analysis of the melting of S1 lead under shock-wave loading and unloading. Lead samples in a titanium capsule were loaded by a plane shock wave using an aluminum impactor 6 mm thick, which was accelerated by detonation products of an explosive. The results of metallographic analysis of samples in the initial state, subjected to heat treatment under normal conditions, and recovered after shock-wave loading are given. Melting traces were found in lead after shock-wave loading by a pressure of 25.6 GPa and subsequent unloading.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  1. Yu. V. Bat’kov, V. N. German, R. S. Osipov, S. A. Novikov, and V. A.  Tsyganov, “Melting of Lead in Shock Compression," Prikl. Mekh. Tekh. Fiz. 29 (1), 149–151 (1988) [J. Appl. Mech. Tech. Phys. 29 (1), 139–141 (1988)].

  2. L. V. Belyakov, V. P. Valitskii, N. A. Zlatin, and S. M. Mochalov, “On Lead Melting in a Shock Wave," Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR170 (3), 540–543 (1966).

  3. A. V. Fedorov, A. L. Mikhailov, S. A. Finyushin, et al., “Behavior of Lead under Shock-Wave Loading and Subsequent Unloading,"inXV Khariton Scientific Readings, Ed. by A. L. Mikhailov (VNIIEF, Sarov, 2013), p. 274.

  4. L. A. Gatilov, “Electrical Resistance of Shock-Compressed Lead," Tr. VNIIFTRI, Fiz. Impuls. Davl. 44 (77), 104 (1979).

  5. S. A. Novikov and L. M. Sinitsyna, “Effect of the Pressure of Shock Compression on the Critical Shear Stresses in Metals," Prikl. Mekh. Tekh. Fiz. 11 (6), 98–106 (1970) [J. Appl. Mech. Tech. Phys 11 (6), 983–986 (1970).

  6. V. D. Urlin, “Melting at Ultrahigh Pressures Obtained in a Shock Wave," Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 49 2(8), 485–492 (1965).

  7. V. P. Kopyshev and A. B. Medvedev, “Thermodynamic Model of a Compressible Covolume," Preprint (VNIIEF, Sarov, 1995), p. 58.

  8. A. B. Medvedev, “Model of the Equation of State Taking into Account Evaporation, Ionization, and Melting," VANT, Ser. Teor. Prikl. Fiz., No 1, 23–29 (1992).

  9. M. Xiang, H. Hu, J. Chen, and Y. Liao, “Molecular Dynamics Studies of Thermal Dissipation during Shock Induced Spalling," J. Appl. Phys. 114 (12), 123509 (2013).

  10. M. Xiang, H. Hu, and J. Chen, “Spalling and Melting in Nanocrystalline Pb under Shock Loading: Molecular Dynamics Studies," J. Appl. Phys. 113 (14), 144312 (2013).

  11. M. Xiang, H. Hu, J. Chen, and Y. Long, “Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Micro-Spallation of Single Crystal Lead," Modell. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 21 (5), 055005 (2013).

  12. L. V. Al’tshuler, A. A. Bakanova, A. V. Bushman, I. P. Dudoladov, and V. N. Zubarev, “Evaporation of Shock-Compressed Lead in Unloading Waves," Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 73 (5), 1866–1872 (1977).

  13. N. F. Gavrilov, G. G. Ivanova, V. I. Selin, and V. N. Sofronov, “UP-OK Program for Solving One-Dimensional Problems of Continuum Mechanics in a One-Dimensional Complex," VANT, Ser. Metod. Progr. Chisl. Resh. Zadach Mat. Fiz., No. 3, 11–14 (1982).

  14. B. L. Glushak, O. N. Ignatova, S. S. Nadezhin, and V. A. Raevskii, “Relaxation Model of Shear Strength of Five Metals (Aluminum, Beryllium, Copper, Tantalum, and Uranium)," VANT, Ser. Mat. Model. Fiz. Prots. 2, 25–36 (2012).

  15. Yu. M. Lakhtin and V. P. Leont’eva, Materials Science (Al’yans, 2009) [in Russian].

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to O. N. Ignatova.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ignatova, O.N., Ilyushkina, N.Y., Malyshev, A.N. et al. Identification of Melting of Lead Samples Recovered after Shock-Wave Loading and Unloading by Metallographic Analysis. Combust Explos Shock Waves 56, 243–248 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0010508220020161

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0010508220020161

Keywords

Navigation