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Changes in the Glutamate/GABA System in the Hippocampus of Rats with Age and during Alzheimer’s Disease Signs Development

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Abstract

GABA and glutamate are the most abundant neurotransmitters in the CNS and play a pivotal part in synaptic stability/plasticity. Glutamate and GABA homeostasis is important for healthy aging and reducing the risk of various neurological diseases, while long-term imbalance can contribute to the development of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Normalization of the homeostasis has been discussed as a promising strategy for prevention and/or treatment of AD, however, data on the changes in the GABAergic and glutamatergic systems with age, as well as on the dynamics of AD development, are limited. It is not clear whether imbalance of the excitatory/inhibitory systems is the cause or the consequence of the disease development. Here we analyzed the age-related alterations of the levels of glutamate, GABA, as well as enzymes that synthesize them (glutaminase, glutamine synthetase, GABA-T, and GAD67), transporters (GLAST, GLT-1, and GAT1), and relevant receptors (GluA1, NMDAR1, NMDA2B, and GABAAr1) in the whole hippocampus of the Wistar rats and of the senescence-accelerated OXYS rats, a model of the most common (> 95%) sporadic AD. Our results suggest that there is a decline in glutamate and GABA signaling with age in hippocampus of the both rat strains. However, we have not identified significant changes or compensatory enhancements in this system in the hippocampus of OXYS rats during the development of neurodegenerative processes that are characteristic of AD.

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Abbreviations

AD:

Alzheimer’s disease

GABA:

gamma aminobutyric acid

GABAAR1:

GABA-A receptor subunit 1

GABA-T:

GABA transaminase

GAD:

glutamic acid decarboxylase (glutamate decarboxylase)

GAD67:

glutamic acid decarboxylase isoform

GAT1:

type 1 GABA transporter

GLAST:

glial glutamate and aspartate transporter

GLT-1:

glial glutamate transporter 1

GluA1:

AMPA receptor subunit 1

NMDAR1:

NMDA receptor subunit 1

NMDAR2B:

NMDA receptor subunit 2B

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Funding

The work was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 19-15-00044).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia

    Alena O. Burnyasheva, Natalia A. Stefanova, Nataliya G. Kolosova & Darya V. Telegina

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  1. Alena O. Burnyasheva
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  2. Natalia A. Stefanova
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  3. Nataliya G. Kolosova
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Contributions

A.O.B. and N.A.S. experimental work; A.O.B., N.A.S., D.V.T., and N.G.K. discussion of research results; A.O.B. and D.V.T. writing the manuscript; N.G.K., N.A.S., and D.V.T. editing the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Nataliya G. Kolosova.

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The authors declare no conflict of interest in financial or any other sphere. All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. All studies were carried out with OXYS and Wistar (control) male rats on the basis of the Center for Collective Use “Gene Pools of Laboratory Animals”, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, in accordance with the ethical standards of European Union Directive 2010/63/EU of September 22, 2010. All experiments were approved and performed in accordance with the guidelines of the Ethics Committee on Animal Trials at the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia (Resolution no. 12000-496 of April 2, 1980; Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences).

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Burnyasheva, A.O., Stefanova, N.A., Kolosova, N.G. et al. Changes in the Glutamate/GABA System in the Hippocampus of Rats with Age and during Alzheimer’s Disease Signs Development. Biochemistry Moscow 88, 1972–1986 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297923120027

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