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New Perspective on the Reversibility of ATP Synthesis and Hydrolysis by Fo·F1-ATP Synthase (Hydrolase)

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For a large number of problems there will be some animal of choice or a few such animals on which it can be most conveniently studied. I have no doubt that there is quite a number of animals which are similarly “created” for special physiological purposes, but I am afraid that most of them are unknown to the men for whom they were “created”.

“The Krogh Principle”, August Krogh, eminent Danish physiologist, 1921 Nobel Prize winner (Krogh, A. (1929) The progress of physiology, Am. J. Physiol., 90, 243–251)

Abstract

Fo·F1-ATPases of mitochondria, chloroplasts, and microorganisms catalyze transformation of proton motive force (the difference between the electrochemical potentials of hydrogen ion across a coupling membrane) to the free energy of ATP phosphoryl potential. It is often stated that Fo·F1-ATPases operate as reversible chemo-mechano-electrical molecular machines that provide either ATP synthesis or hydrolysis depending on particular physiological demands of an organism; the microreversibility principle of the enzyme catalysis is usually taken as a dogma. Since 1980, the author has upheld the view that the mechanisms of ATP synthesis and hydrolysis by the Fo·F1 complex are different (Vinogradov, A. D. (2000) J. Exp. Biol., 203, 41–49). In this paper, the author proposes a new model considering the existence in coupling membranes of two non-equilibrium isoforms of Fo·F1 unidirectionally catalyzing synthesis and/or hydrolysis of ATP.

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Abbreviations

Fo·F1 :

H+-translocating ATPase (synthase)

p :

proton motive force

Pd-SBP:

inside-out Paracoccus denitrificans plasma membrane vesicles

SMP:

submitochondrial particles

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Acknowledgements

The author is grateful to his colleagues (all graduated from the Department of Biochemistry) who participated in the studies of Fo·F1. I thank Dr. V. G. Grivennikova for her great help in preparation of this manuscript and editorial comments.

Funding

This work has been continuously supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, starting from its foundation (including current project 17-04-00706/17).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia

    A. D. Vinogradov

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  1. A. D. Vinogradov
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Correspondence to A. D. Vinogradov.

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Conflict of interest

The author declares no conflict of interest in financial or any other sphere.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in the described studies were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Published in Russian in Biokhimiya, 2019, Vol. 84, No. 11, pp. 1553–1563.

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Vinogradov, A.D. New Perspective on the Reversibility of ATP Synthesis and Hydrolysis by Fo·F1-ATP Synthase (Hydrolase). Biochemistry Moscow 84, 1247–1255 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297919110038

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297919110038

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