Abstract
In plants, a promoter is essential to drive the transcription and expression of genes under stress conditions. The cold-regulated promoter is an important molecular switch involved in transcriptional regulation of a dynamic network of genes associated with cold acclimation processes. However, the structure and functions of the cold-regulated promoter are ambiguous. In this review, we first describe the common type and structures of the cold-regulated promoter, such as the core promoter and transcription factor binding sites, and then discuss the synergistic actions of promoter elements and cold-regulated genes. We also describe the transcriptional responses and cross-talk among cold-regulated genes in the ICE-CBF-COR cold-response pathway. Many stress-inducible genes are known to be regulated by endogenous abscisic acid (ABA), which accumulates during osmotic and cold stress. We discuss the regulation of promoters of cold-inducible genes in ABA-dependent and ABA-independent regulatory systems. We also describe the cross-talk among gene networks regulated by different cis-acting regulatory elements. Finally, we propose potential further research on, and practical applications of, the cold-regulated promoter.
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Abbreviations
- ABA:
-
abscisic acid
- ABRE:
-
ABA-responsive element
- AP2/ERF:
-
APETALA2/ethylene-responsive element-binding protein
- BREd:
-
downstream TFIIB recognition element
- BREu:
-
upstream TFIIB recognition element
- COR:
-
cold-regulated
- CRT/DRE:
-
C-repeat/dehydration responsive element
- DPE:
-
downstream promoter element
- DREBs:
-
dehydration responsive element binding factors
- HBsAg:
-
hepatitis B surface antigen
- HOS1:
-
High expression of OSmotically responsive gene 1
- ICE:
-
inducer of CBF expression
- Inr:
-
initiator
- LEA:
-
late embryogenesis abundant
- LTB:
-
lymphotoxin β
- LTRE:
-
low temperature responsive element
- MTE:
-
motif ten element
- RD :
-
responsive to dehydration gene
- TBP:
-
TATA binding protein
- TFIIB:
-
transcription factor IIB
- TFIID:
-
transcription factor IID
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Published in Russian in Biokhimiya, 2013, Vol. 78, No. 4, pp. 451–465.
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Jiang, Y., Peng, D., Bai, LP. et al. Molecular switch for cold acclimation — anatomy of the cold-inducible promoter in plants. Biochemistry Moscow 78, 342–354 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297913040032
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297913040032