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Molecular switch for cold acclimation — anatomy of the cold-inducible promoter in plants

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Abstract

In plants, a promoter is essential to drive the transcription and expression of genes under stress conditions. The cold-regulated promoter is an important molecular switch involved in transcriptional regulation of a dynamic network of genes associated with cold acclimation processes. However, the structure and functions of the cold-regulated promoter are ambiguous. In this review, we first describe the common type and structures of the cold-regulated promoter, such as the core promoter and transcription factor binding sites, and then discuss the synergistic actions of promoter elements and cold-regulated genes. We also describe the transcriptional responses and cross-talk among cold-regulated genes in the ICE-CBF-COR cold-response pathway. Many stress-inducible genes are known to be regulated by endogenous abscisic acid (ABA), which accumulates during osmotic and cold stress. We discuss the regulation of promoters of cold-inducible genes in ABA-dependent and ABA-independent regulatory systems. We also describe the cross-talk among gene networks regulated by different cis-acting regulatory elements. Finally, we propose potential further research on, and practical applications of, the cold-regulated promoter.

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Abbreviations

ABA:

abscisic acid

ABRE:

ABA-responsive element

AP2/ERF:

APETALA2/ethylene-responsive element-binding protein

BREd:

downstream TFIIB recognition element

BREu:

upstream TFIIB recognition element

COR:

cold-regulated

CRT/DRE:

C-repeat/dehydration responsive element

DPE:

downstream promoter element

DREBs:

dehydration responsive element binding factors

HBsAg:

hepatitis B surface antigen

HOS1:

High expression of OSmotically responsive gene 1

ICE:

inducer of CBF expression

Inr:

initiator

LEA:

late embryogenesis abundant

LTB:

lymphotoxin β

LTRE:

low temperature responsive element

MTE:

motif ten element

RD :

responsive to dehydration gene

TBP:

TATA binding protein

TFIIB:

transcription factor IIB

TFIID:

transcription factor IID

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Correspondence to Zheng-Jin Xu or Zhi-Fu Guo.

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Published in Russian in Biokhimiya, 2013, Vol. 78, No. 4, pp. 451–465.

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Jiang, Y., Peng, D., Bai, LP. et al. Molecular switch for cold acclimation — anatomy of the cold-inducible promoter in plants. Biochemistry Moscow 78, 342–354 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297913040032

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297913040032

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