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Role of microRNAs in mechanisms of glioblastoma resistance to radio- and chemotherapy

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Abstract

Low-grade gliomas and multiform glioblastoma are characterized by highly pronounced anaplasia, malignization, proliferation, and invasiveness; moreover, they are highly resistant to chemo- and radiotherapy. The very low efficiency of traditional approaches in the treatment of patients with glioblastomas is due to the intensive invasive growth of the tumor resulting in deep infiltration of adjacent normal perivascular and nervous tissue and formation of areas of perineural infiltration differently remote from the tumor epicenter. MicroRNAs are key posttranscriptional regulators of gene activities, and their expression is markedly increased in tumors, in particular in gliomas. MicroRNAs have been shown to promote the growth, proliferation, migration, and survival of tumor stem and non-stem cells. However, a population of microRNA possessing antitumor effects is also detected in gliomas. As a rule, the expression of antitumor microRNAs is suppressed in tumors. In this review, we consider microRNAs, their influence on radio- and chemoresistance of gliomas, and prospects for their use as specific agents in targeted therapy of gliomas. The pool of these microRNAs has distinct therapeutic value, because on use in combined therapy it can decrease the resistance of glioma tumor stem cells to existing pharmaceuticals and improve the efficiency of radio- and chemotherapy.

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Abbreviations

ABC:

ATP-binding cassette carriers

ABCB1 (MDR1):

multiple drug resistance protein 1

ABCG2 (BCRP1):

ATP-binding cassette protein of G subfamily subunit 2

AhR:

aryl hydrocarbon receptor

AKT:

protein kinase B

ATM:

protein kinase ATM

Bax/Bcl-2:

Bcl2-associated protein X

Bcl-2:

apoptosis regulator Bcl-2

BRCA1:

protein responsible for DNA repair

BRCA2:

protein responsible for repair of double-strain breaks

Cdc25a:

phosphatase with double specificity

c-Myc:

homolog of viral oncogene of avian myelocytomatosis V-myc

CSA (ERCC8) and CSB (ERCC6):

excision repair proteins

CXCR4:

chemokine receptor of type 4

Dio3 :

gene encoding iodothyronine 5′-monoiodinase

Dlk1 :

gene encoding δ-like protein-1

DNA-PK:

DNA-dependent protein kinase

EGFR:

epidermal growth factor receptor

FEN1:

flap-endonuclease 1

HIPK2:

homeodomain-inter-acting protein kinase 2

Ku70 and Ku80:

parts of heterodimeric protein binding to DNA double-strand break ends

Lig1 and Lig4:

DNA ligases 1 and 4, respectively

L1CAM:

L1 cell adhesion molecule

LRRFIP1 (leucine-rich repeat flightless-interacting protein 1):

cytosolic nucleic acid-binding protein

MCF-7:

mammary gland carcinoma cell line

MDR:

multiple drug resistance

MDR3 (ABCB4):

multiple drug resistance protein

MG:

multiform glioblastoma

MRN:

a three-protein (Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1) DNA repair complex

MVP (major vault protein):

a new multidrug resistance associated protein

NF-κB:

nuclear factor κB

Notch:

family of transmembrane proteins with repeated extracellular EGF and DSL domains

p21/waf:

inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase

PI3K:

phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase

PTEN:

a dual-specificity protein phosphatase

PXR:

pregnane X receptor

RAD51:

homolog of RAD51 (S. cerevisiae) or homolog of RecA (E. coli)

RAD52:

homolog of RAD52

RAD54:

protein involved in chromatin remodeling

RAD55 and RAD57:

proteins acting in complex with RAD51

RFC:

replication factor C subunit-1

SGF-1:

stromal growth factor-1

shRNA:

short hairpin RNAs

STAT-3:

signal transducers and transcription activator

TGF-β:

transforming growth factor β

TIMP3:

metalloproteinase inhibitor 3

TSCs:

tumor stem cells

XPA,B,C,D,G:

proteins involved in DNA repair

XRCC4:

protein of DNA repair

VEGF:

vascular endothelium growth factor

VM-26:

teniposide

VP-16:

etoposide

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, ul. Ostrovityanova 1, 117997, Moscow, Russia

    Ph. A. Koshkin, D. A. Chistiakov & V. P. Chekhonin

  2. Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, Serbsky State Scientific Center for Social and Forensic Psychiatry, Kropotkinsky Pereulok 23, 119991, Moscow, Russia

    Ph. A. Koshkin & V. P. Chekhonin

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  1. Ph. A. Koshkin
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  2. D. A. Chistiakov
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  3. V. P. Chekhonin
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Correspondence to Ph. A. Koshkin.

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Original Russian Text © Ph. A. Koshkin, D. A. Chistiakov, V. P. Chekhonin, 2013, published in Biokhimiya, 2013, Vol. 78, No. 4, pp. 429–441.

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Koshkin, P.A., Chistiakov, D.A. & Chekhonin, V.P. Role of microRNAs in mechanisms of glioblastoma resistance to radio- and chemotherapy. Biochemistry Moscow 78, 325–334 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297913040019

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297913040019

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