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Biogenesis of β-barrel integral proteins of bacterial outer membrane

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Abstract

Gram-negative bacteria are enveloped by two membranes, the inner (cytoplasmic) (CM) and the outer (OM). The majority of integral outer membrane proteins are arranged in β-barrels of cylindrical shape composed of amphipathic antiparallel β-strands. In bacteria, β-barrel proteins function as water-filled pores, active transporters, enzymes, receptors, and structural proteins. Proteins of bacterial OM are synthesized in the cytoplasm as unfolded polypeptides with an N-terminal sequence that marks them for transport across the CM. Precursors of membrane proteins move through the aqueous medium of the cytosol and periplasm under the protection of chaperones (SecB, Skp, SurA, and DegP), then cross the CM via the Sec system composed of a polypeptide-conducting channel (SecYEG) and ATPase (SecA), the latter providing the energy for the translocation of the pre-protein. Pre-protein folding and incorporation in the OM require the participation of the Bam-complex, probably without the use of energy. This review summarizes current data on the biogenesis of the β-barrel proteins of bacterial OM. Data on the structure of the proteins included in the multicomponent system for delivery of the OM proteins to their destination in the cell and on their complexes with partners, including pre-proteins, are pre-sented. Molecular models constructed on the basis of structural, genetic, and biochemical studies that describe the mechanisms of β-barrel protein assembly by this molecular transport machinery are also considered.

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Abbreviations

ATPase:

adenosine triphosphatase

CM:

cytoplasmic membrane

LPS:

lipopolysaccharide

OM:

outer membrane

PG:

peptidoglycan

PPI domain:

peptidyl-prolylisomerase domain

TM:

transmembrane

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. 100 Let Vladivostoku 159, 690022, Vladivostok, Russia

    T. F. Solov’eva, O. D. Novikova & O. Yu. Portnyagina

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  1. T. F. Solov’eva
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  2. O. D. Novikova
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  3. O. Yu. Portnyagina
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Correspondence to T. F. Solov’eva.

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Original Russian Text © T. F. Solov’eva, O. D. Novikova, O. Yu. Portnyagina, 2012, published in Biokhimiya, 2012, Vol. 77, No. 11, pp. 1459–1477.

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Solov’eva, T.F., Novikova, O.D. & Portnyagina, O.Y. Biogenesis of β-barrel integral proteins of bacterial outer membrane. Biochemistry Moscow 77, 1221–1236 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297912110016

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