Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor plays a pivotal role in multicellular organism by enforcing benefits of the organism over those of an individual cell. The task of p53 is to control the integrity and correctness of all processes in each individual cell and in the organism as a whole. Information about the state of ongoing events in the cell is gathered through multiple signaling pathways that convey signals modifying activities of p53. Changes in the activities depend on the character of damages or deviations from optimum in processes, and the activity of p53 changes depending on the degree of the aberration, which results in either stimulation of repair processes and protective mechanisms, or the cessation of further cell divisions and the induction of programmed cell death. The strategy of p53 ensures genetic identity of cells and prevents the selection of abnormal cells. By accomplishing these strategic tasks, p53 may use a wide spectrum of activities, such as its ability to function as a transcription factor, by inducing or repressing different genes, or as an enzyme, by acting as an exonuclease during DNA reparation, or as an adaptor or a regulatory protein, intervening into functions of numerous signaling pathways. Loss of function of the p53 gene occurs in virtually every case of cancer, and deficiency in p53 is an unavoidable prerequisite to the development of malignancies. The functions of p53 play substantial roles in many other pathologies as well as in the aging process. This review is focused on strategies of the p53 gene, demonstrating individual mechanisms underlying its functions.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- CTD:
-
C-terminal domain
- DBD:
-
DNA-binding domain
- TA-domain:
-
transcription activation domain
References
Lane, D. P. (1992) Nature, 358, 15–16.
Royds, J. A., and Iacopetta, B. (2006) Cell Death Differ., 13, 1017–1026.
Chumakov, P. M. (2000) Biochemistry (Moscow), 65, 28–40.
Deppert, W. (2007) Oncogene, 26, 2142–2144.
Almazov, V. P., Kochetkov, D. A., and Chumakov, P. M. (2007) Mol. Biol. (Moscow), 41, 459–466.
Kufe, D. W., Holland, J. F., and Frei, E. (2003) Cancer Medicine, 6th Edn., BC Decker Publisher, NY.
Huebner, R. J., and Todaro, G. J. (1969) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 64, 1087–1094.
Tooze, J., and Acheson, N. H. (1980) DNA Tumor Viruses; Molecular Biology of Tumor Viruses, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Publisher, Cold Spring Harbor, N. Y.
Chang, C., Simmons, D. T., Martin, M. A., and Mora, P. T. (1979) J. Virol., 31, 463–471.
Kress, M., May, E., Cassingena, R., and May, P. (1979) J. Virol., 31, 472–483.
Lane, D. P., and Crawford, L. V. (1979) Nature, 278, 261–263.
Linzer, D. I., and Levine, A. J. (1979) Cell, 17, 43–52.
DeLeo, A. B., Jay, G., Appella, E., Dubois, G. C., Law, L. W., and Old, L. J. (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 76, 2420–2424.
Barque, J. P., Danon, F., Peraudeau, L., Yeni, P., and Larsen, C. J. (1983) Embo J., 2, 743–749.
Mercer, W. E., Nelson, D., DeLeo, A. B., Old, L. J., and Baserga, R. (1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 79, 6309–6312.
Oren, M., and Levine, A. J. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 80, 56–59.
Chumakov, P. M., Iotseva, V. S., and Georgiev, G. P. (1982) Dokl. AN SSSR, 267, 1272–1275.
Wolf, D., Laver-Rudich, Z., and Rotter, V. (1985) Mol. Cell Biol., 5, 1887–1893.
Bukhman, V. L., Ninkina, N. N., Chumakov, P. M., Khilenkova, M. A., and Samarina, O. P. (1987) Genetika, 23, 1547–1554.
Eliyahu, D., Raz, A., Gruss, P., Givol, D., and Oren, M. (1984) Nature, 312, 646–649.
Jenkins, J. R., Rudge, K., and Currie, G. A. (1984) Nature, 312, 651–654.
Parada, L. F., Land, H., Weinberg, R. A., Wolf, D., and Rotter, V. (1984) Nature, 312, 649–651.
Jenkins, J. R., Rudge, K., Chumakov, P., and Currie, G. A. (1985) Nature, 317, 816–818.
Hinds, P., Finlay, C., and Levine, A. J. (1989) J. Virol., 63, 739–746.
Baker, S. J., Markowitz, S., Fearon, E. R., Willson, J. K., and Vogelstein, B. (1990) Science, 249, 912–915.
Eliyahu, D., Michalovitz, D., Eliyahu, S., Pinhasi-Kimhi, O., and Oren, M. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 86, 8763–8767.
Finlay, C. A., Hinds, P. W., and Levine, A. J. (1989) Cell, 57, 1083–1093.
Baker, S. J., Fearon, E. R., Nigo, J. M., Hamilton, S. R., Preisinger, A. C., Jessup, J. M., vanTuinen, P., Ledbetter, D. H., Barker, D. F., Nakamura, Y., White, R., and Vogelstein, B. (1989) Science, 244, 217–221.
Levine, A. J., Momand, J., and Finlay, C. A. (1991) Nature, 351, 453–456.
Donehower, L. A., Harvey, M., Slagle, B. L., McArthur, M. J., Montgomery, C. A., Jr., Butel, J. S., and Bradley, A. (1992) Nature, 356, 215–221.
Tsukada, T., Tomooka, Y., Takai, S., Ueda, Y., Nishikawa, S., Yagi, T., Tokunaga, T., Takeda, N., Suda, Y., Abe, S., et al. (1993) Oncogene, 8, 3313–3322.
Agapova, L. S., Ilyinskaya, G. V., Turovets, N. A., Ivanov, A. V., Chumakov, P. M., and Kopnin, B. P. (1996) Mutat. Res., 354, 129–138.
Brooks, C. L., and Gu, W. (2006) Mol. Cell., 21, 307–315.
Asher, G., Reuven, N., and Shaul, Y. (2006) Bioessays, 28, 844–849.
Haupt, Y., Maya, R., Kazaz, A., and Oren, M. (1997) Nature, 387, 296–299.
Momand, J., Zambetti, G. P., Olson, D. C., George, D., and Levine, A. J. (1992) Cell, 69, 1237–1245.
Oliner, J. D., Kinzler, K. W., Meltzer, P. S., George, D. L., and Vogelstein, B. (1992) Nature, 358, 80–83.
Dornan, D., Wertz, I., Shimizu, H., Arnott, D., Frantz, G. D., Dowd, P., O’Rourke, K., Koeppen, H., and Dixit, V. M. (2004) Nature, 429, 86–92.
Leng, R. P., Lin, Y., Ma, W., Wu, H., Lemmers, B., Chung, S., Parant, J. M., Lozano, G., Hakem, R., and Benchimol, S. (2003) Cell, 112, 779–791.
Chen, D., Kon, N., Li, M., Zhang, W., Qin, J., and Gu, W. (2005) Cell, 121, 1071–1083.
Shmueli, A., and Oren, M. (2005) Cell, 121, 963–965.
Asher, G., and Shaul, Y. (2005) Cell Cycle, 4, 1015–1018.
Yano, M., Koumoto, Y., Kanesaki, Y., Wu, X., and Kido, H. (2004) Biomacromolecules, 5, 1465–1469.
Horn, H. F., and Vousden, K. H. (2007) Oncogene, 26, 1306–1316.
Lavin, M. F., and Gueven, N. (2006) Cell Death Differ., 13, 941–950.
Shvarts, A., Steegenga, W. T., Riteco, N., van Laar, T., Dekker, P., Bazuine, M., van Ham, R. C., van der Houven van Oordt, W., Hateboer, G., van der Eb, A. J., and Jochemsen, A. G. (1996) Embo J., 15, 5349–5357.
Jackson, M. W., and Berberich, S. J. (2000) Mol. Cell Biol., 20, 1001–1007.
Francoz, S., Froment, P., Bogaerts, S., de Clercq, S., Maetens, M., Doumont, G., Bellefroid, E., and Marine, J. C. (2006) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 103, 3232–3237.
Sharp, D. A., Kratowicz, S. A., Sank, M. J., and George, D. L. (1999) J. Biol. Chem., 274, 38189–38196.
Tanimura, S., Ohtsuka, S., Mitsui, K., Shirouzu, K., Yoshimura, A., and Ohtsubo, M. (1999) FEBS Lett., 447, 5–9.
Gu, J., Kawai, H., Nie, L., Kitao, H., Wiederschain, D., Jochemsen, A. G., Parant, J., Lozano, G., and Yuan, Z. M. (2002) J. Biol. Chem., 277, 19251–19254.
De Graaf, P., Little, N. A., Ramos, Y. F., Meulmeester, E., Letteboer, S. J., and Jochemsen, A. G. (2003) J. Biol. Chem., 278, 38315–38324.
Dai, M. S., and Lu, H. (2004) J. Biol. Chem., 279, 44475–44482.
Dai, M. S., Zeng, S. X., Jin, Y., Sun, X. X., David, L., and Lu, H. (2004) Mol. Cell Biol., 24, 7654–7668.
Zhang, Y., Wolf, G. W., Bhat, K., Jin, A., Allio, T., Burkhart, W. A., and Xiong, Y. (2003) Mol. Cell Biol., 23, 8902–8912.
Gilkes, D. M., Chen, L., and Chen, J. (2006) Embo J., 25, 5614–5625.
Gilkes, D. M., and Chen, J. (2007) Cell Cycle, 6, 151–155.
Lindstrom, M. S., Deisenroth, C., and Zhang, Y. (2007) Cell Cycle, 6, 434–437.
Grossman, S. R., Deato, M. E., Brignone, C., Chan, H. M., Kung, A. L., Tagami, H., Nakatani, Y., and Livingston, D. M. (2003) Science, 300, 342–344.
Weissman, A. M. (2001) Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol., 2, 169–178.
Gronroos, E., Terentiev, A. A., Punga, T., and Ericsson, J. (2004) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 101, 12165–12170.
Sui, G., el Affar, B., Shi, Y., Brignone, C., Wall, N. R., Yin, P., Donohoe, M., Luke, M. P., Calvo, D., Grossman, S. R., and Shi, Y. (2004) Cell, 117, 859–872.
Wang, C., Ivanov, A., Chen, L., Fredericks, W. J., Seto, E., Rauscher, F. J., 3rd, and Chen, J. (2005) Embo J., 24, 3279–3290.
Higashitsuji, H., Higashitsuji, H., Itoh, K., Sakurai, T., Nagao, T., Sumitomo, Y., Masuda, T., Dawson, S., Shimada, Y., Mayer, R. J., and Fujita, J. (2005) Cancer Cell, 8, 75–87.
Li, M., Brooks, C. L., Kon, N., and Gu, W. (2004) Mol. Cell, 13, 879–886.
Tang, J., Qu, L. K., Zhang, J., Wang, W., Michaelson, J. S., Degenhardt, Y. Y., El-Deiry, W. S., and Yang, X. (2006) Nat. Cell Biol., 8, 855–862.
Cummins, J. M., and Vogelstein, B. (2004) Cell Cycle, 3, 689–692.
Li, M., Chen, D., Shiloh, A., Luo, J., Nikolaev, A. Y., Qin, J., and Gu, W. (2002) Nature, 416, 648–653.
Sherr, C. J. (2001) Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol., 2, 731–737.
Kamijo, T., Zindy, F., Roussel, M. F., Quelle, D. E., Downing, J. R., Ashmun, R. A., Grosveld, G., and Sherr, C. J. (1997) Cell, 91, 649–659.
Kamijo, T., Weber, J. D., Zambetti, G., Zindy, F., Roussel, M. F., and Sherr, C. J. (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 95, 8292–8297.
Pomerantz, J., Schreiber-Agus, N., Liegeois, N. J., Silverman, A., Alland, L., Chin, L., Potes, J., Chen, K., Orlow, I., Lee, H. W., Cordon-Cardo, C., and DePinho, R. A. (1998) Cell, 92, 713–723.
Zhang, Y., Xiong, Y., and Yarbrough, W. G. (1998) Cell, 92, 725–734.
Rowland, B. D., Denissov, S. G., Douma, S., Stunnenberg, H. G., Bernards, R., and Peeper, D. S. (2002) Cancer Cell, 2, 55–65.
Aslanian, A., Iaquinta, P. J., Verona, R., and Lees, J. A. (2004) Genes Dev., 18, 1413–1422.
Lowe, S. W., and Sherr, C. J. (2003) Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev., 13, 77–83.
Zhong, Q., Gao, W., Du, F., and Wang, X. (2005) Cell, 121, 1085–1095.
Wechsler, A., Brafman, A., Shafir, M., Heverin, M., Gottlieb, H., Damari, G., Gozlan-Kelner, S., Spivak, I., Moshkin, O., Fridman, E., Becker, Y., Skaliter, R., Einat, P., Faerman, A., Bjorkhem, I., and Feinstein, E. (2003) Science, 302, 2087.
Wu, C., Miloslavskaya, I., Demontis, S., Maestro, R., and Galaktionov, K. (2004) Nature, 432, 640–645.
Bourdon, J. C., Fernandes, K., Murray-Zmijewski, F., Liu, G., Diot, A., Xirodimas, D. P., Saville, M. K., and Lane, D. P. (2005) Genes Dev., 19, 2122–2137.
Ray, P. S., Grover, R., and Das, S. (2006) EMBO Rep., 7, 404–410.
Yang, D. Q., Halaby, M. J., and Zhang, Y. (2006) Oncogene, 25, 4613–4619.
Jeffrey, P. D., Gorina, S., and Pavletich, N. P. (1995) Science, 267, 1498–1502.
Laptenko, O., and Prives, C. (2006) Cell Death Differ., 13, 951–961.
Appella, E., and Anderson, C. W. (2001) Eur. J. Biochem., 268, 2764–2772.
Rodriguez, M. S., Desterro, J. M., Lain, S., Midgley, C. A., Lane, D. P., and Hay, R. T. (1999) Embo J., 18, 6455–6461.
Xirodimas, D. P., Saville, M. K., Bourdon, J. C., Hay, R. T., and Lane, D. P. (2004) Cell, 118, 83–97.
Zacchi, P., Gostissa, M., Uchida, T., Salvagno, C., Avolio, F., Volinia, S., Ronai, Z., Blandino, G., Schneider, C., and Del Sal, G. (2002) Nature, 419, 853–857.
Zheng, H., You, H., Zhou, X. Z., Murray, S. A., Uchida, T., Wulf, G., Gu, L., Tang, X., Lu, K. P., and Xiao, Z. X. (2002) Nature, 419, 849–853.
An, W. G., Kanekal, M., Simon, M. C., Maltepe, E., Blagosklonny, M. V., and Neckers, L. M. (1998) Nature, 392, 405–408.
Anwar, A., Dehn, D., Siegel, D., Kepa, J. K., Tang, L. J., Pietenpol, J. A., and Ross, D. (2003) J. Biol. Chem., 278, 10368–10373.
Chang, N. S. (2002) Int. J. Mol. Med., 9, 19–24.
Corcoran, C. A., He, Q., Huang, Y., and Sheikh, M. S. (2005) Oncogene, 24, 1634–1640.
Jayaraman, L., Murthy, K. G., Zhu, C., Curran, T., Xanthoudakis, S., and Prives, C. (1997) Genes Dev., 11, 558–570.
Ueno, M., Masutani, H., Arai, R. J., Yamauchi, A., Hirota, K., Sakai, T., Inamoto, T., Yamaoka, Y., Yodoi, J., and Nikaido, T. (1999) J. Biol. Chem., 274, 35809–35815.
Samuels-Lev, Y., O’Connor, D. J., Bergamaschi, D., Trigiante, G., Hsieh, J. K., Zhong, S., Campargue, I., Naumovski, L., Crook, T., and Lu, X. (2001) Mol. Cell, 8, 781–794.
Bergamaschi, D., Samuels, Y., Jin, B., Duraisingham, S., Crook, T., and Lu, X. (2004) Mol. Cell Biol., 24, 1341–1350.
Bergamaschi, D., Samuels, Y., O’Neil, N. J., Trigiante, G., Crook, T., Hsieh, J. K., O’Connor, D. J., Zhong, S., Campargue, I., Tomlinson, M. L., Kuwabara, P. E., and Lu, X. (2003) Nat. Genet., 33, 162–167.
Sullivan, A., and Lu, X. (2007) Br. J. Cancer, 96, 196–200.
Chipuk, J. E., Kuwana, T., Bouchier-Hayes, L., Droin, N. M., Newmeyer, D. D., Schuler, M., and Green, D. R. (2004) Science, 303, 1010–1014.
Petros, A. M., Gunasekera, A., Xu, N., Olejniczak, E. T., and Fesik, S. W. (2004) FEBS Lett., 559, 171–174.
Fei, P., Wang, W., Kim, S. H., Wang, S., Burns, T. F., Sax, J. K., Buzzai, M., Dicker, D. T., McKenna, W. G., Bernhard, E. J., and El-Deiry, W. S. (2004) Cancer Cell, 6, 597–609.
Bourdon, J. C., Renzing, J., Robertson, P. L., Fernandes, K. N., and Lane, D. P. (2002) J. Cell Biol., 158, 235–246.
Di Leonardo, A., Linke, S. P., Clarkin, K., and Wahl, G. M. (1994) Genes Dev., 8, 2540–2551.
Kastan, M. B., Onyekwere, O., Sidransky, D., Vogelstein, B., and Craig, R. W. (1991) Cancer Res., 51, 6304–6311.
Maltzman, W., and Czyzyk, L. (1984) Mol. Cell Biol., 4, 1689–1694.
Lin, A. W., and Lowe, S. W. (2001) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 98, 5025–5030.
Vousden, K. H., and Lane, D. P. (2007) Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol., 8, 275–283.
Agarwal, M. L., Agarwal, A., Taylor, W. R., Chernova, O., Sharma, Y., and Stark, G. R. (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 95, 14775–14780.
Blagosklonny, M. V., Schulte, T. W., Nguyen, P., Mimnaugh, E. G., Trepel, J., and Neckers, L. (1995) Cancer Res., 55, 4623–4626.
Rubtsova, S. N., Kondratov, R. V., Kopnin, P. B., Chumakov, P. M., Kopnin, B. P., and Vasiliev, J. M. (1998) FEBS Lett., 430, 353–357.
Sablina, A. A., Agapova, L. S., Chumakov, P. M., and Kopnin, B. P. (1999) Cell Biol. Int., 23, 323–334.
David-Pfeuty, T., Nouvian-Dooghe, Y., Sirri, V., Roussel, P., and Hernandez-Verdun, D. (2001) Oncogene, 20, 5951–5963.
Graeber, T. G., Peterson, J. F., Tsai, M., Monica, K., Fornace, A. J., Jr., and Giaccia, A. J. (1994) Mol. Cell Biol., 14, 6264–6277.
O’Reilly, M. A., Staversky, R. J., Stripp, B. R., and Finkelstein, J. N. (1998) Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., 18, 43–50.
Agarwal, M. L., Taylor, W. R., Chernov, M. V., Chernova, O. B., and Stark, G. R. (1998) J. Biol. Chem., 273, 1–4.
Blandino, G., Scardigli, R., Rizzo, M. G., Crescenzi, M., Soddu, S., and Sacchi, A. (1995) Oncogene, 10, 731–737.
Sablina, A. A., Chumakov, P. M., Levine, A. J., and Kopnin, B. P. (2001) Oncogene, 20, 899–909.
Bachelder, R. E., Marchetti, A., Falcioni, R., Soddu, S., and Mercurio, A. M. (1999) J. Biol. Chem., 274, 20733–20737.
Nikiforov, M. A., Hagen, K., Ossovskaya, V. S., Connor, T. M., Lowe, S. W., Deichman, G. I., and Gudkov, A. V. (1996) Oncogene, 13, 1709–1719.
Agapova, L. S., Turovets, N. A., Ivanov, A. V., Ilyinskaya, G. V., and Chumakov, P. M. (1996) Genetika, 32, 1080–1087.
Sablina, A. A., Ilyinskaya, G. V., Rubtsova, S. N., Agapova, L. S., Chumakov, P. M., and Kopnin, B. P. (1998) J. Cell Sci., 111(Pt. 7), 977–984.
Seo, Y. R., Smith, M. L., Han, S. S., Fairbairn, D. W., O’Neill, K. L., and Ryu, J. C. (1999) Res. Commun. Mol. Pathol. Pharmacol., 104, 285–292.
Matijasevic, Z., Snyder, J. E., and Ludlum, D. B. (1998) Oncol. Res., 10, 605–610.
Forrester, K., Ambs, S., Lupold, S. E., Kapust, R. B., Spillare, E. A., Weinberg, W. C., Felley-Bosco, E., Wang, X. W., Geller, D. A., Tzeng, E., Billiar, T. R., and Harris, C. C. (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93, 2442–2447.
Iliakis, G., Wang, Y., Guan, J., and Wang, H. (2003) Oncogene, 22, 5834–5847.
Niida, H., and Nakanishi, M. (2006) Mutagenesis, 21, 3–9.
Sarkaria, J. N., Busby, E. C., Tibbetts, R. S., Roos, P., Taya, Y., Karnitz, L. M., and Abraham, R. T. (1999) Cancer Res., 59, 4375–4382.
Matsuoka, S., Huang, M., and Elledge, S. J. (1998) Science, 282, 1893–1897.
Chehab, N. H., Malikzay, A., Appel, M., and Halazonetis, T. D. (2000) Genes Dev., 14, 278–288.
Hanawalt, P. C. (1989) Genome, 31, 605–611.
Ljungman, M., O’Hagan, H. M., and Paulsen, M. T. (2001) Oncogene, 20, 5964–5971.
Tibbetts, R. S., Brumbaugh, K. M., Williams, J. M., Sarkaria, J. N., Cliby, W. A., Shieh, S. Y., Taya, Y., Prives, C., and Abraham, R. T. (1999) Genes Dev., 13, 152–157.
Chehab, N. H., Malikzay, A., Stavridi, E. S., and Halazonetis, T. D. (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 96, 13777–13782.
Scully, R., Anderson, S. F., Chao, D. M., Wei, W., Ye, L., Young, R. A., Livingston, D. M., and Parvin, J. D. (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 94, 5605–5610.
Krum, S. A., Miranda, G. A., Lin, C., and Lane, T. F. (2003) J. Biol. Chem., 278, 52012–52020.
Ljungman, M., and Lane, D. P. (2004) Nat. Rev. Cancer, 4, 727–737.
Bakalkin, G., Selivanova, G., Yakovleva, T., Kiseleva, E., Kashuba, E., Magnusson, K. P., Szekely, L., Klein, G., Terenius, L., and Wiman, K. G. (1995) Nucleic Acids Res., 23, 362–369.
Lee, S., Cavallo, L., and Griffith, J. (1997) J. Biol. Chem., 272, 7532–7539.
Wetzel, C. C., and Berberich, S. J. (2001) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1517, 392–397.
Zotchev, S. B., Protopopova, M., and Selivanova, G. (2000) Nucleic Acids Res., 28, 4005–4012.
Mummenbrauer, T., Janus, F., Muller, B., Wiesmuller, L., Deppert, W., and Grosse, F. (1996) Cell, 85, 1089–1099.
Janus, F., Albrechtsen, N., Dornreiter, I., Wiesmuller, L., Grosse, F., and Deppert, W. (1999) Cell Mol. Life Sci., 55, 12–27.
Dutta, A., Ruppert, J. M., Aster, J. C., and Winchester, E. (1993) Nature, 365, 79–82.
Garkavtsev, I. V., Kley, N., Grigorian, I. A., and Gudkov, A. V. (2001) Oncogene, 20, 8276–8280.
Blander, G., Kipnis, J., Leal, J. F., Yu, C. E., Schellenberg, G. D., and Oren, M. (1999) J. Biol. Chem., 274, 29463–29469.
Sturzbecher, H. W., Donzelmann, B., Henning, W., Knippschild, U., and Buchhop, S. (1996) Embo J., 15, 1992–2002.
Wang, X. W., Vermeulen, W., Coursen, J. D., Gibson, M., Lupold, S. E., Forrester, K., Xu, G., Elmore, L., Yeh, H., Hoeijmakers, J. H., and Harris, C. C. (1996) Genes Dev., 10, 1219–1232.
Herring, C. J., West, C. M., Wilks, D. P., Davidson, S. E., Hunter, R. D., Berry, P., Forster, G., MacKinnon, J., Rafferty, J. A., Elder, R. H., Hendry, J. H., and Margison, G. P. (1998) Br. J. Cancer, 78, 1128–1133.
Xanthoudakis, S., Miao, G., Wang, F., Pan, Y. C., and Curran, T. (1992) Embo J., 11, 3323–3335.
Hanson, S., Kim, E., and Deppert, W. (2005) Oncogene, 24, 1641–1647.
Raycroft, L., Wu, H. Y., and Lozano, G. (1990) Science, 249, 1049–1051.
Liu, G., and Chen, X. (2006) J. Cell Biochem., 97, 448–458.
Kubicka, S., Kuhnel, F., Zender, L., Rudolph, K. L., Plumpe, J., Manns, M., and Trautwein, C. (1999) J. Biol. Chem., 274, 32137–32144.
Mack, D. H., Vartikar, J., Pipas, J. M., and Laimins, L. A. (1993) Nature, 363, 281–283.
Ohlsson, C., Kley, N., Werner, H., and LeRoith, D. (1998) Endocrinology, 139, 1101–1107.
Funk, W. D., Pak, D. T., Karas, R. H., Wright, W. E., and Shay, J. W. (1992) Mol. Cell Biol., 12, 2866–2871.
El-Deiry, W. S., Kern, S. E., Pietenpol, J. A., Kinzler, K. W., and Vogelstein, B. (1992) Nat. Genet., 1, 45–49.
Hoh, J., Jin, S., Parrado, T., Edington, J., Levine, A. J., and Ott, J. (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 99, 8467–8472.
Tomso, D. J., Inga, A., Menendez, D., Pittman, G. S., Campbell, M. R., Storici, F., Bell, D. A., and Resnick, M. A. (2005) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 102, 6431–6436.
Inga, A., Storici, F., Darden, T. A., and Resnick, M. A. (2002) Mol. Cell Biol., 22, 8612–8625.
Kondratov, R. V., Kuznetsov, N. V., Pugacheva, E. N., Almazov, V. P., Prasolov, V. S., Kopnin, B. P., and Chumakov, P. M. (1996) Mol. Biol. (Moscow), 30, 613–620.
Kastan, M. B., Zhan, Q., el-Deiry, W. S., Carrier, F., Jacks, T., Walsh, W. V., Plunkett, B. S., Vogelstein, B., and Fornace, A. J., Jr. (1992) Cell, 71, 587–597.
Zheng, X., and Chen, X. (2001) FEBS Lett., 489, 4–7.
Contente, A., Dittmer, A., Koch, M. C., Roth, J., and Dobbelstein, M. (2002) Nat. Genet., 30, 315–320.
Johnson, R. A., Ince, T. A., and Scotto, K. W. (2001) J. Biol. Chem., 276, 27716–27720.
Dannenberg, J. H., David, G., Zhong, S., van der Torre, J., Wong, W. H., and Depinho, R. A. (2005) Genes Dev., 19, 1581–1595.
Cho, Y., Gorina, S., Jeffrey, P. D., and Pavletich, N. P. (1994) Science, 265, 346–355.
Hamroun, D., Kato, S., Ishioka, C., Claustres, M., Beroud, C., and Soussi, T. (2006) Hum. Mutat., 27, 14–20.
Gannon, J. V., Greaves, R., Iggo, R., and Lane, D. P. (1990) Embo J., 9, 1595–1602.
Levine, A. J. (1989) Princess Takamatsu Symp., 20, 221–230.
Chan, W. M., Siu, W. Y., Lau, A., and Poon, R. Y. (2004) Mol. Cell Biol., 24, 3536–3551.
Hupp, T. R., Meek, D. W., Midgley, C. A., and Lane, D. P. (1992) Cell, 71, 875–886.
Hupp, T. R., Meek, D. W., Midgley, C. A., and Lane, D. P. (1993) Nucleic Acids Res., 21, 3167–3174.
Kaeser, M. D., and Iggo, R. D. (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 99, 95–100.
Kaneshiro, K., Tsutsumi, S., Tsuji, S., Shirahige, K., and Aburatani, H. (2007) Genomics, 89, 178–188.
Brash, D. E., and Havre, P. A. (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 99, 13969–13971.
Fischer, J. L., Lancia, J. K., Mathur, A., and Smith, M. L. (2006) Anticancer Res., 26, 899–904.
Gudkov, A. V. (2002) Nat. Med., 8, 1196–1198.
Seo, Y. R., Kelley, M. R., and Smith, M. L. (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 99, 14548–14553.
Smith, M. L., Lancia, J. K., Mercer, T. I., and Ip, C. (2004) Anticancer Res., 24, 1401–1408.
Okorokov, A. L., and Milner, J. (1999) Mol. Cell Biol., 19, 7501–7510.
McLure, K. G., Takagi, M., and Kastan, M. B. (2004) Mol. Cell Biol., 24, 9958–9967.
Morgunkova, A. A. (2005) Biochemistry (Moscow), 70, 955–971.
Weisz, L., Oren, M., and Rotter, V. (2007) Oncogene, 26, 2202–2211.
Dittmer, D., Pati, S., Zambetti, G., Chu, S., Teresky, A. K., Moore, M., Finlay, C., and Levine, A. J. (1993) Nat. Genet., 4, 42–46.
Di Como, C. J., Gaiddon, C., and Prives, C. (1999) Mol. Cell Biol., 19, 1438–1449.
Bensaad, K., Le Bras, M., Unsal, K., Strano, S., Blandino, G., Tominaga, O., Rouillard, D., and Soussi, T. (2003) J. Biol. Chem., 278, 10546–10555.
Marin, M. C., Jost, C. A., Brooks, L. A., Irwin, M. S., O’Nions, J., Tidy, J. A., James, N., McGregor, J. M., Harwood, C. A., Yulug, I. G., Vousden, K. H., Allday, M. J., Gusterson, B., Ikawa, S., Hinds, P. W., Crook, T., and Kaelin, W. G., Jr. (2000) Nat. Genet., 25, 47–54.
Lang, G. A., Iwakuma, T., Suh, Y. A., Liu, G., Rao, V. A., Parant, J. M., Valentin-Vega, Y. A., Terzian, T., Caldwell, L. C., Strong, L. C., El-Naggar, A. K., and Lozano, G. (2004) Cell, 119, 861–872.
Olive, K. P., Tuveson, D. A., Ruhe, Z. C., Yin, B., Willis, N. A., Bronson, R. T., Crowley, D., and Jacks, T. (2004) Cell, 119, 847–860.
Gloushankova, N., Ossovskaya, V., Vasiliev, J., Chumakov, P., and Kopnin, B. (1997) Oncogene, 15, 2985–2989.
Pugacheva, E. N., Ivanov, A. V., Kravchenko, J. E., Kopnin, B. P., Levine, A. J., and Chumakov, P. M. (2002) Oncogene, 21, 4595–4600.
Ko, L. J., and Prives, C. (1996) Genes Dev., 10, 1054–1072.
Bell, S., Klein, C., Muller, L., Hansen, S., and Buchner, J. (2002) J. Mol. Biol., 322, 917–927.
Dawson, R., Muller, L., Dehner, A., Klein, C., Kessler, H., and Buchner, J. (2003) J. Mol. Biol., 332, 1131–1141.
Lee, H., Mok, K. H., Muhandiram, R., Park, K. H., Suk, J. E., Kim, D. H., Chang, J., Sung, Y. C., Choi, K. Y., and Han, K. H. (2000) J. Biol. Chem., 275, 29426–29432.
Lin, J., Chen, J., Elenbaas, B., and Levine, A. J. (1994) Genes Dev., 8, 1235–1246.
Candau, R., Scolnick, D. M., Darpino, P., Ying, C. Y., Halazonetis, T. D., and Berger, S. L. (1997) Oncogene, 15, 807–816.
Chang, J., Kim, D. H., Lee, S. W., Choi, K. Y., and Sung, Y. C. (1995) J. Biol. Chem., 270, 25014–25019.
Dornan, D., Shimizu, H., Burch, L., Smith, A. J., and Hupp, T. R. (2003) Mol. Cell Biol., 23, 8846–8861.
Curtin, J. C., and Spinella, M. J. (2005) Oncogene, 24, 1481–1490.
Bochar, D. A., Wang, L., Beniya, H., Kinev, A., Xue, Y., Lane, W. S., Wang, W., Kashanchi, F., and Shiekhattar, R. (2000) Cell, 102, 257–265.
Hill, D. A., de la Serna, I. L., Veal, T. M., and Imbalzano, A. N. (2004) J. Cell Biochem., 91, 987–998.
Lee, D., Kim, J. W., Seo, T., Hwang, S. G., Choi, E. J., and Choe, J. (2002) J. Biol. Chem., 277, 22330–22337.
An, W., Kim, J., and Roeder, R. G. (2004) Cell, 117, 735–748.
Avantaggiati, M. L., Ogryzko, V., Gardner, K., Giordano, A., Levine, A. S., and Kelly, K. (1997) Cell, 89, 1175–1184.
Barlev, N. A., Liu, L., Chehab, N. H., Mansfield, K., Harris, K. G., Halazonetis, T. D., and Berger, S. L. (2001) Mol. Cell, 8, 1243–1254.
Hsu, C. H., Chang, M. D., Tai, K. Y., Yang, Y. T., Wang, P. S., Chen, C. J., Wang, Y. H., Lee, S. C., Wu, C. W., and Juan, L. J. (2004) Embo J., 23, 2269–2280.
Lill, N. L., Grossman, S. R., Ginsberg, D., DeCaprio, J., and Livingston, D. M. (1997) Nature, 387, 823–827.
Xing, J., Sheppard, H. M., Corneillie, S. I., and Liu, X. (2001) Mol. Cell Biol., 21, 3652–3661.
Braastad, C. D., Han, Z., and Hendrickson, E. A. (2003) J. Biol. Chem., 278, 8261–8268.
Lu, X. (2005) Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev., 15, 27–33.
Cawley, S., Bekiranov, S., Ng, H. H., Kapranov, P., Sekinger, E. A., Kampa, D., Piccolboni, A., Sementchenko, V., Cheng, J., Williams, A. J., Wheeler, R., Wong, B., Drenkow, J., Yamanaka, M., Patel, S., Brubaker, S., Tammana, H., Helt, G., Struhl, K., and Gingeras, T. R. (2004) Cell, 116, 499–509.
Wei, C. L., Wu, Q., Vega, V. B., Chiu, K. P., Ng, P., Zhang, T., Shahab, A., Yong, H. C., Fu, Y., Weng, Z., Liu, J., Zhao, X. D., Chew, J. L., Lee, Y. L., Kuznetsov, V. A., Sung, W. K., Miller, L. D., Lim, B., Liu, E. T., Yu, Q., Ng, H. H., and Ruan, Y. (2006) Cell, 124, 207–219.
Nemoto, S., Fergusson, M. M., and Finkel, T. (2004) Science, 306, 2105–2108.
Tergaonkar, V., Pando, M., Vafa, O., Wahl, G., and Verma, I. (2002) Cancer Cell, 1, 493–503.
Ryan, K. M., Ernst, M. K., Rice, N. R., and Vousden, K. H. (2000) Nature, 404, 892–897.
Shetty, S., Graham, B. A., Brown, J. G., Hu, X., Vegh-Yarema, N., Harding, G., Paul, J. T., and Gibson, S. B. (2005) Mol. Cell Biol., 25, 5404–5416.
Herold, S., Wanzel, M., Beuger, V., Frohme, C., Beul, D., Hillukkala, T., Syvaoja, J., Saluz, H. P., Haenel, F., and Eilers, M. (2002) Mol. Cell, 10, 509–521.
Wu, W. S., Heinrichs, S., Xu, D., Garrison, S. P., Zambetti, G. P., Adams, J. M., and Look, A. T. (2005) Cell, 123, 641–653.
Zhu, N., Gu, L., Findley, H. W., Chen, C., Dong, J. T., Yang, L., and Zhou, M. (2006) J. Biol. Chem., 281, 14711–14718.
Homer, C., Knight, D. A., Hananeia, L., Sheard, P., Risk, J., Lasham, A., Royds, J. A., and Braithwaite, A. W. (2005) Oncogene, 24, 8314–8325.
Wei, X., Xu, H., and Kufe, D. (2005) Cancer Cell, 7, 167–178.
Yoshida, K., Liu, H., and Miki, Y. (2006) J. Biol. Chem., 281, 5734–5740.
Nakanishi, K., Kukita, F., Asai, K., and Kato, T. (2001) Neurosci. Lett., 304, 85–88.
Bulavin, D. V., Demidov, O. N., Saito, S., Kauraniemi, P., Phillips, C., Amundson, S. A., Ambrosino, C., Sauter, G., Nebreda, A. R., Anderson, C. W., Kallioniemi, A., Fornace, A. J., Jr., and Appella, E. (2002) Nat. Genet., 31, 210–215.
Mayo, L. D., Seo, Y. R., Jackson, M. W., Smith, M. L., Rivera Guzman, J., Korgaonkar, C. K., and Donner, D. B. (2005) J. Biol. Chem., 280, 25953–25959.
Oda, K., Arakawa, H., Tanaka, T., Matsuda, K., Tanikawa, C., Mori, T., Nishimori, H., Tamai, K., Tokino, T., Nakamura, Y., and Taya, Y. (2000) Cell, 102, 849–862.
Cecchinelli, B., Lavra, L., Rinaldo, C., Iacovelli, S., Gurtner, A., Gasbarri, A., Ulivieri, A., Del Prete, F., Trovato, M., Piaggio, G., Bartolazzi, A., Soddu, S., and Sciacchitano, S. (2006) Mol. Cell Biol., 26, 4746–4757.
Tokino, T., Thiagalingam, S., el-Deiry, W. S., Waldman, T., Kinzler, K. W., and Vogelstein, B. (1994) Hum. Mol. Genet., 3, 1537–1542.
Yu, J., Zhang, L., Hwang, P. M., Rago, C., Kinzler, K. W., and Vogelstein, B. (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 96, 14517–14522.
Nakamura, Y. (2004) Cancer Sci., 95, 7–11.
El-Deiry, W. S., Tokino, T., Velculescu, V. E., Levy, D. B., Parsons, R., Trent, J. M., Lin, D., Mercer, W. E., Kinzler, K. W., and Vogelstein, B. (1993) Cell, 75, 817–825.
Polyak, K., Waldman, T., He, T. C., Kinzler, K. W., and Vogelstein, B. (1996) Genes Dev., 10, 1945–1952.
Nakano, K., and Vousden, K. H. (2001) Mol. Cell, 7, 683–694.
Rouault, J. P., Falette, N., Guehenneux, F., Guillot, C., Rimokh, R., Wang, Q., Berthet, C., Moyret-Lalle, C., Savatier, P., Pain, B., Shaw, P., Berger, R., Samarut, J., Magaud, J. P., Ozturk, M., Samarut, C., and Puisieux, A. (1996) Nat. Genet., 14, 482–486.
Zhu, J., and Chen, X. (2000) Mol. Cell Biol., 20, 5602–5618.
Rohaly, G., Chemnitz, J., Dehde, S., Nunez, A. M., Heukeshoven, J., Deppert, W., and Dornreiter, I. (2005) Cell, 122, 21–32.
Hermeking, H., and Benzinger, A. (2006) Semin. Cancer Biol., 16, 183–192.
Helton, E. S., and Chen, X. (2007) J. Cell Biochem., 100, 883–896.
Harms, K., Nozell, S., and Chen, X. (2004) Cell Mol. Life Sci., 61, 822–842.
Hwang, B. J., Ford, J. M., Hanawalt, P. C., and Chu, G. (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 96, 424–428.
Adimoolam, S., and Ford, J. M. (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 99, 12985–12990.
Scherer, S. J., Maier, S. M., Seifert, M., Hanselmann, R. G., Zang, K. D., Muller-Hermelink, H. K., Angel, P., Welter, C., and Schartl, M. (2000) J. Biol. Chem., 275, 37469–37473.
Xu, J., and Morris, G. F. (1999) Mol. Cell Biol., 19, 12–20.
Chen, J., and Sadowski, I. (2005) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 102, 4813–4818.
Shimodaira, H., Yoshioka-Yamashita, A., Kolodner, R. D., and Wang, J. Y. (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 100, 2420–2425.
Liu, G., and Chen, X. (2006) Mol. Cell Biol., 26, 1398–1413.
Arias-Lopez, C., Lazaro-Trueba, I., Kerr, P., Lord, C. J., Dexter, T., Iravani, M., Ashworth, A., and Silva, A. (2006) EMBO Rep., 7, 219–224.
Sengupta, S., Shimamoto, A., Koshiji, M., Pedeux, R., Rusin, M., Spillare, E. A., Shen, J. C., Huang, L. E., Lindor, N. M., Furuichi, Y., and Harris, C. C. (2005) Oncogene, 24, 1738–1748.
Yamabe, Y., Shimamoto, A., Goto, M., Yokota, J., Sugawara, M., and Furuichi, Y. (1998) Mol. Cell Biol., 18, 6191–6200.
Kimura, T., Takeda, S., Sagiya, Y., Gotoh, M., Nakamura, Y., and Arakawa, H. (2003) Nat. Genet., 34, 440–445.
Dameron, K. M., Volpert, O. V., Tainsky, M. A., and Bouck, N. (1994) Science, 265, 1582–1584.
Van Meir, E. G., Polverini, P. J., Chazin, V. R., Su Huang, H. J., de Tribolet, N., and Cavenee, W. K. (1994) Nat. Genet., 8, 171–176.
Nishimori, H., Shiratsuchi, T., Urano, T., Kimura, Y., Kiyono, K., Tatsumi, K., Yoshida, S., Ono, M., Kuwano, M., Nakamura, Y., and Tokino, T. (1997) Oncogene, 15, 2145–2150.
Mashimo, T., Watabe, M., Hirota, S., Hosobe, S., Miura, K., Tegtmeyer, P. J., Rinker-Shaeffer, C. W., and Watabe, K. (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 95, 11307–11311.
Bian, J., and Sun, Y. (1997) Mol. Cell Biol., 17, 6330–6338.
Zou, Z., Gao, C., Nagaich, A. K., Connell, T., Saito, S., Moul, J. W., Seth, P., Appella, E., and Srivastava, S. (2000) J. Biol. Chem., 275, 6051–6054.
Kunz, C., Pebler, S., Otte, J., and von der Ahe, D. (1995) Nucleic Acids Res., 23, 3710–3717.
Komarova, E. A., Diatchenko, L., Rokhlin, O. W., Hill, J. E., Wang, Z. J., Krivokrysenko, V. I., Feinstein, E., and Gudkov, A. V. (1998) Oncogene, 17, 1089–1096.
Alberts, B. (ed.) (2008) Molecular Biology of the Cell. Extended Version, Garland Science Publisher, New York.
Gottlieb, T. M., and Oren, M. (1998) Semin. Cancer Biol., 8, 359–368.
Vousden, K. H., and Lu, X. (2002) Nat. Rev. Cancer, 2, 594–604.
Vousden, K. H. (2000) Cell, 103, 691–694.
Miyashita, T., and Reed, J. C. (1995) Cell, 80, 293–299.
Oda, E., Ohki, R., Murasawa, H., Nemoto, J., Shibue, T., Yamashita, T., Tokino, T., Taniguchi, T., and Tanaka, N. (2000) Science, 288, 1053–1058.
Yu, J., Zhang, L., Hwang, P. M., Kinzler, K. W., and Vogelstein, B. (2001) Mol. Cell, 7, 673–682.
Fortin, A., Cregan, S. P., MacLaurin, J. G., Kushwaha, N., Hickman, E. S., Thompson, C. S., Hakim, A., Albert, P. R., Cecconi, F., Helin, K., Park, D. S., and Slack, R. S. (2001) J. Cell Biol., 155, 207–216.
Moroni, M. C., Hickman, E. S., Lazzerini Denchi, E., Caprara, G., Colli, E., Cecconi, F., Muller, H., and Helin, K. (2001) Nat. Cell Biol., 3, 552–558.
Robles, A. I., Bemmels, N. A., Foraker, A. B., and Harris, C. C. (2001) Cancer Res., 61, 6660–6664.
Owen-Schaub, L. B., Zhang, W., Cusack, J. C., Angelo, L. S., Santee, S. M., Fujiwara, T., Roth, J. A., Deisseroth, A. B., Zhang, W. W., Kruzel, E., et al. (1995) Mol. Cell Biol., 15, 3032–3040.
Wu, G. S., Burns, T. F., McDonald, E. R., 3rd, Jiang, W., Meng, R., Krantz, I. D., Kao, G., Gan, D. D., Zhou, J. Y., Muschel, R., Hamilton, S. R., Spinner, N. B., Markowitz, S., Wu, G., and el-Deiry, W. S. (1997) Nat. Genet., 17, 141–143.
Attardi, L. D., Reczek, E. E., Cosmas, C., Demicco, E. G., McCurrach, M. E., Lowe, S. W., and Jacks, T. (2000) Genes Dev., 14, 704–718.
Lin, Y., Ma, W., and Benchimol, S. (2000) Nat. Genet., 26, 122–127.
Fiscella, M., Zhang, H., Fan, S., Sakaguchi, K., Shen, S., Mercer, W. E., Vande Woude, G. F., O’Connor, P. M., and Appella, E. (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 94, 6048–6053.
Polyak, K., Xia, Y., Zweier, J. L., Kinzler, K. W., and Vogelstein, B. (1997) Nature, 389, 300–305.
Hwang, P. M., Bunz, F., Yu, J., Rago, C., Chan, T. A., Murphy, M. P., Kelso, G. F., Smith, R. A., Kinzler, K. W., and Vogelstein, B. (2001) Nat. Med., 7, 1111–1117.
Valencia-Sanchez, M. A., Liu, J., Hannon, G. J., and Parker, R. (2006) Genes Dev., 20, 515–524.
Chang, T. C., Wentzel, E. A., Kent, O. A., Ramachandran, K., Mullendore, M., Lee, K. H., Feldmann, G., Yamakuchi, M., Ferlito, M., Lowenstein, C. J., Arking, D. E., Beer, M. A., Maitra, A., and Mendell, J. T. (2007) Mol. Cell., 26, 745–752.
He, L., He, X., Lim, L. P., de Stanchina, E., Xuan, Z., Liang, Y., Xue, W., Zender, L., Magnus, J., Ridzon, D., Jackson, A. L., Linsley, P. S., Chen, C., Lowe, S. W., Cleary, M. A., and Hannon, G. J. (2007) Nature, 447, 1130–1134.
Raver-Shapira, N., Marciano, E., Meiri, E., Spector, Y., Rosenfeld, N., Moskovits, N., Bentwich, Z., and Oren, M. (2007) Mol. Cell, 26, 731–743.
Tarasov, V., Jung, P., Verdoodt, B., Lodygin, D., Epanchintsev, A., Menssen, A., Meister, G., and Hermeking, H. (2007) Cell Cycle, 6, 1586–1593.
Hussain, S. P., Amstad, P., He, P., Robles, A., Lupold, S., Kaneko, I., Ichimiya, M., Sengupta, S., Mechanic, L., Okamura, S., Hofseth, L. J., Moake, M., Nagashima, M., Forrester, K. S., and Harris, C. C. (2004) Cancer Res., 64, 2350–2356.
Yan, W., and Chen, X. (2006) J. Biol. Chem., 281, 7856–7862.
Yoon, K. A., Nakamura, Y., and Arakawa, H. (2004) J. Hum. Genet., 49, 134–140.
Velasco-Miguel, S., Buckbinder, L., Jean, P., Gelbert, L., Talbott, R., Laidlaw, J., Seizinger, B., and Kley, N. (1999) Oncogene, 18, 127–137.
Budanov, A. V., Shoshani, T., Faerman, A., Zelin, E., Kamer, I., Kalinski, H., Gorodin, S., Fishman, A., Chajut, A., Einat, P., Skaliter, R., Gudkov, A. V., Chumakov, P. M., and Feinstein, E. (2002) Oncogene, 21, 6017–6031.
Budanov, A. V., Sablina, A. A., Feinstein, E., Koonin, E. V., and Chumakov, P. M. (2004) Science, 304, 596–600.
Rhee, S. G., Kang, S. W., Jeong, W., Chang, T. S., Yang, K. S., and Woo, H. A. (2005) Curr. Opin. Cell Biol., 17, 183–189.
Sablina, A. A., Budanov, A. V., Ilyinskaya, G. V., Agapova, L. S., Kravchenko, J. E., and Chumakov, P. M. (2005) Nat. Med., 11, 1306–1313.
Kopnin, P. B., Agapova, L. S., Kopnin, B. P., and Chumakov, P. M. (2007) Cancer Res., 67, 4671–4678.
Warburg, O. H. (1947) Abh. der Deutschen Akad. der Wissenschaften zu Berlin.
Matoba, S., Kang, J. G., Patino, W. D., Wragg, A., Boehm, M., Gavrilova, O., Hurley, P. J., Bunz, F., and Hwang, P. M. (2006) Science, 312, 1650–1653.
Bensaad, K., Tsuruta, A., Selak, M. A., Vidal, M. N., Nakano, K., Bartrons, R., Gottlieb, E., and Vousden, K. H. (2006) Cell, 126, 107–120.
Bensaad, K., and Vousden, K. H. (2007) Trends Cell Biol., 17, 286–291.
Erster, S., Mihara, M., Kim, R. H., Petrenko, O., and Moll, U. M. (2004) Mol. Cell Biol., 24, 6728–6741.
Leu, J. I., Dumont, P., Hafey, M., Murphy, M. E., and George, D. L. (2004) Nat. Cell Biol., 6, 443–450.
Marchenko, N. D., Zaika, A., and Moll, U. M. (2000) J. Biol. Chem., 275, 16202–16212.
Mihara, M., Erster, S., Zaika, A., Petrenko, O., Chittenden, T., Pancoska, P., and Moll, U. M. (2003) Mol. Cell, 11, 577–590.
Moll, U. M., Wolff, S., Speidel, D., and Deppert, W. (2005) Curr. Opin. Cell. Biol., 17, 631–636.
Marchenko, N. D., Wolff, S., Erster, S., Becker, K., and Moll, U. M. (2007) Embo J., 26, 923–934.
Schuler, M., and Green, D. R. (2005) Trends Genet., 21, 182–187.
Dumont, P., Leu, J. I., Della Pietra, A. C., 3rd, George, D. L., and Murphy, M. (2003) Nat. Genet., 33, 357–365.
Chipuk, J. E., and Green, D. R. (2006) Cell Death Differ., 13, 994–1002.
Moll, U. M., Marchenko, N., and Zhang, X. K. (2006) Oncogene, 25, 4725–4743.
Harris, S. L., and Levine, A. J. (2005) Oncogene, 24, 2899–2908.
Honda, R., and Yasuda, H. (1999) Embo J., 18, 22–27.
Zhu, J. W., DeRyckere, D., Li, F. X., Wan, Y. Y., and DeGregori, J. (1999) Cell Growth Differ., 10, 829–838.
Damalas, A., Kahan, S., Shtutman, M., Ben-Ze’ev, A., and Oren, M. (2001) Embo J., 20, 4912–4922.
Datta, A., Nag, A., Pan, W., Hay, N., Gartel, A. L., Colamonici, O., Mori, Y., and Raychaudhuri, P. (2004) J. Biol. Chem., 279, 36698–36707.
Sugimoto, M., Kuo, M. L., Roussel, M. F., and Sherr, C. J. (2003) Mol. Cell., 11, 415–424.
Xiao, Z. X., Chen, J., Levine, A. J., Modjtahedi, N., Xing, J., Sellers, W. R., and Livingston, D. M. (1995) Nature, 375, 694–698.
Yamasaki, L. (2003) Cancer Treat. Res., 115, 209–239.
Feng, Z., Hu, W., de Stanchina, E., Teresky, A. K., Jin, S., Lowe, S., and Levine, A. J. (2007) Cancer Res., 67, 3043–3053.
Levine, A. J., Feng, Z., Mak, T. W., You, H., and Jin, S. (2006) Genes Dev., 20, 267–275.
Shaw, R. J., Kosmatka, M., Bardeesy, N., Hurley, R. L., Witters, L. A., DePinho, R. A., and Cantley, L. C. (2004) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 101, 3329–3335.
Inoki, K., Li, Y., Zhu, T., Wu, J., and Guan, K. L. (2002) Nat. Cell Biol., 4, 648–657.
Lum, J. J., Bauer, D. E., Kong, M., Harris, M. H., Li, C., Lindsten, T., and Thompson, C. B. (2005) Cell, 120, 237–248.
Hay, N., and Sonenberg, N. (2004) Genes Dev., 18, 1926–1945.
Thomas, G. (2002) Biol. Res., 35, 305–313.
Sarbassov, D. D., Guertin, D. A., Ali, S. M., and Sabatini, D. M. (2005) Science, 307, 1098–1101.
Zhang, Y., Gao, X., Saucedo, L. J., Ru, B., Edgar, B. A., and Pan, D. (2003) Nat. Cell Biol., 5, 578–581.
Christophorou, M. A., Ringshausen, I., Finch, A. J., Swigart, L. B., and Evan, G. I. (2006) Nature, 443, 214–217.
Efeyan, A., Garcia-Cao, I., Herranz, D., Velasco-Miguel, S., and Serrano, M. (2006) Nature, 443, 159.
Bartkova, J., Horejsi, Z., Koed, K., Kramer, A., Tort, F., Zieger, K., Guldberg, P., Sehested, M., Nesland, J. M., Lukas, C., Orntoft, T., Lukas, J., and Bartek, J. (2005) Nature, 434, 864–870.
Gorgoulis, V. G., Vassiliou, L. V., Karakaidos, P., Zacharatos, P., Kotsinas, A., Liloglou, T., Venere, M., Ditullio, R. A., Jr., Kastrinakis, N. G., Levy, B., Kletsas, D., Yoneta, A., Herlyn, M., Kittas, C., and Halazonetis, T. D. (2005) Nature, 434, 907–913.
Capri, M., Salvioli, S., Sevini, F., Valensin, S., Celani, L., Monti, D., Pawelec, G., de Benedictis, G., Gonos, E. S., and Franceschi, C. (2006) Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1067, 252–263.
Depp, C. A., Glatt, S. J., and Jeste, D. V. (2007) Curr. Psychiatry Rep., 9, 7–13.
Guarente, L. (2005) Mech. Aging Dev., 126, 923–928.
Beckman, K. B., and Ames, B. N. (1998) Physiol. Rev., 78, 547–581.
Droge, W. (2002) Physiol. Rev., 82, 47–95.
Tyner, S. D., Venkatachalam, S., Choi, J., Jones, S., Ghebranious, N., Igelmann, H., Lu, X., Soron, G., Cooper, B., Brayton, C., Hee Park, S., Thompson, T., Karsenty, G., Bradley, A., and Donehower, L. A. (2002) Nature, 415, 45–53.
Garcia-Cao, I., Garcia-Cao, M., Martin-Caballero, J., Criado, L. M., Klatt, P., Flores, J. M., Weill, J. C., Blasco, M. A., and Serrano, M. (2002) Embo J., 21, 6225–6235.
Mendrysa, S. M., O’Leary, K. A., McElwee, M. K., Michalowski, J., Eisenman, R. N., Powell, D. A., and Perry, M. E. (2006) Genes Dev., 20, 16–21.
Bukhman, V. L., Ninkina, N. N., Chumakov, P. M., Khilenkova, M. A., and Samarina, O. P. (1987) Genetika, 23, 1547–1554.
Van Heemst, D., Mooijaart, S. P., Beekman, M., Schreuder, J., de Craen, A. J., Brandt, B. W., Slagboom, P. E., and Westendorp, R. G. (2005) Exp. Gerontol., 40, 11–15.
Campisi, J. (2003) Nat. Rev. Cancer, 3, 339–349.
Crighton, D., Wilkinson, S., and Ryan, K. M. (2007) Autophagy, 3, 72–74.
Terman, A., Gustafsson, B., and Brunk, U. T. (2007) J. Pathol., 211, 134–143.
Saretzki, G., and von Zglinicki, T. (2002) Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 959, 24–29.
Pletjushkina, O. Y., Fetisova, E. K., Lyamzaev, K. G., Ivanova, O. Y., Domnina, L. V., Vyssokikh, M. Y., Pustovidko, A. V., Vasiliev, J. M., Murphy, M. P., Chernyak, B. V., and Skulachev, V. P. (2005) Cell Death Differ., 12, 1442–1444.
Poli, G., and Parola, M. (1997) Free Rad. Biol. Med., 22, 287–305.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © P. M. Chumakov, 2007, published in Uspekhi Biologicheskoi Khimii, 2007, Vol. 47, pp. 3–52.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chumakov, P.M. Versatile functions of p53 protein in multicellular organisms. Biochemistry Moscow 72, 1399–1421 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297907130019
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297907130019