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Efficiency of Chitosan Depolymerization by Microbial Chitinases and Chitosanases with Respect to the Antimicrobial Activity of Generated Chitooligomers

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Abstract

Specific features of the enzymatic degradation of chitosan with depolymerization degrees (DD) of 85 and 50% by microbial chitinases and chitosanases were studied in terms of the conversion degree, molecular-weight distribution (MWD), and antimicrobial activity of the generated reaction products. The enzyme complex produced by the strain B. thuringiensis B-387, which is characterized by high chitosanase production (>4.5 U mL–1), degraded the polymer to soluble, low molecular weight chitooligosaccharides (CHOs, Mw ≤ 2 kDa), along with a minor yield (~5%) of alkali-precipitated oligochitosans (Mw 2–16 kDa). The hydrolytic complexes produced by B. atrophaeus IB-33-1 and Cohnella sp. IB-P192, which mainly comprise chitinases (0.3–0.5 U mL–1), demonstrated the lowest rate and degree of chitosan (DD 85%) hydrolysis. The selection of an enzyme : substrate ratio in the range of 2–5 units/g (based on chitosanase) made it possible to reduce the hydrolysis depth of the initial polymer and to increase the yield of oligochitosans with a Mw of ~15–17 kDa to 30% for chitosan (DD 85%) depolymerization by the enzyme complex from B. thuringiensis B-387. The decrease in the bactericidal and fungicidal effect of the oligomers that formed during the destruction of chitosan with varying deacetylation degrees (DD 85% and 50%) by enzyme complexes displaying high chitosanase activity was, as a rule, more distinct than that achieved with the use of chitinases. However, in some cases, there were both nonspecific and specific enhancements of the antimicrobial action of hydrolytic products in comparison with the initial polymer, which was determined by individual sensitivity of bacterial and micromycetes strains.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The equipment of the Agidel Center for Collective Use of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences was used in the present study.

Funding

The study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 19-34-90119, and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, government task no. 075-00326-19-00 in the framework of the project no. AAAA-A18-118022190098-9.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054, Ufa, Russia

    V. R. Safina, A. I. Melentiev, N. F. Galimzianova, E. A. Gilvanova, L. Yu. Kuzmina & G. E. Aktuganov

  2. Institute of Bioengineering, Fundamentals Principles of Biotechnology Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312, Moscow, Russia

    S. A. Lopatin & V. P. Varlamov

  3. Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054, Ufa, Russia

    A. H. Baymiev

Authors
  1. V. R. Safina
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  2. A. I. Melentiev
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  3. N. F. Galimzianova
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  4. E. A. Gilvanova
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  5. L. Yu. Kuzmina
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  6. S. A. Lopatin
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  7. V. P. Varlamov
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  8. A. H. Baymiev
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  9. G. E. Aktuganov
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to G. E. Aktuganov.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. This article does not contain any studies involving animals or human participants performed by any of the authors.

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Translated by A. Bulaev

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Safina, V.R., Melentiev, A.I., Galimzianova, N.F. et al. Efficiency of Chitosan Depolymerization by Microbial Chitinases and Chitosanases with Respect to the Antimicrobial Activity of Generated Chitooligomers. Appl Biochem Microbiol 57, 626–635 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0003683821050124

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