Abstract
This study compares three approaches to microclimate research by the example of Russian Arctic cities in winter conditions: (1) using high-resolution thermal images by the Landsat 8 satellite, (2) using low-resolution images of the MODIS imaging system, and (3) using direct measurements of the surface air temperature. The latter involves observations of automatic weather stations and temperature sensors of the Urban Heat Island Arctic Research Campaign (UHIARC) network and Roshydromet weather stations. Two methods for calculating the land surface temperature (LST) from Landsat 8 satellite images have been considered: the first method is based on the atmospheric correction of images using the MODTRAN radiation transfer model and tabulated emissivity values for different land cover types, and the second method uses no atmospheric correction. The study was performed for the cities of Apatity, Vorkuta, Salekhard, Nadym, and Novy Urengoy. The land surface temperatures calculated from Landsat 8 images without atmospheric correction have been shown to agree with MODIS data and observations better than the results obtained with atmospheric correction. This indicates an inaccuracy in the value of surface emissivity. For a number of cases, the spatial variation patterns of the land surface and air temperatures are closely related; here, both types of data are indicative of the effect of urban heat island with urban–rural temperature differences up to 4°C in the daytime. These results are fundamentally different from those obtained previously for lower latitudes, which indicates the prospects of using high-resolution satellite temperature data for mapping and further studies of the microclimate of Arctic cities in winter conditions.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Barsi, J.A., Schott, J.R., Palluconi, F.D., and Hook, S.J., Validation of a web-based atmospheric correction tool for single thermal band instruments, Proc. SPIE, Earth Obs. Syst. X, 2005, vol. 5882, 58820E. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.619990.
Daly, C., Conklin, D.R., and Unsworth, M.H., Local atmospheric decoupling in complex topography alters climate change impacts, Int. J. Climatol., 2010, vol. 30, pp. 1857–1864. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.2007
Gornyi, V.I., Shilin, B.V., and Yasinskii, G.I., Teplovaya aerokosmicheskaya s"emka (Thermal Aerospace Imaging), Moscow: Nedra, 1993.
Grishchenko, M.Y. and Chernulich, K.K., The relationship between ground and space temperature data for the case of the Wrangel and Kunashir islands, Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Geod. Aerofotos’emka, 2019, vol. 63, no. 5, pp. 566–575.
Ho, H.C., Knudby, A., Xu, Y., Hodul, M., and Aminipouri, M., A comparison of urban heat islands mapped using skin temperature, air temperature, and apparent temperature (Humidex), for the greater Vancouver area, Sci. Total Environ., 2016, vol. 544, pp. 929–938. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.021
Hori, M., Aoki, T., Tanikawa, T., Motoyoshi, H., Hachikubo, A., Sugiura, K., Yasunari, T.J., Eide, H., Storvold, R., Nakajima, Y., and Takahashi, F., In-situ measured spectral directional emissivity of snow and ice in the 8–14 μm atmospheric window, Remote Sens. Environ., 2006, vol. 100, no. 4, pp. 486–502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2005.11.001
Klimaticheskie kharakteristiki usloviya rasprostraneniya primesei v atmosfere: spravochnoe posobie (Climate Characteristics and Conditions of Pollutant Transport in the Atmosphere: A Handbook), Bezuglaya, E.Yu. and Berlyand, M.E., Eds., Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1983.
Konstantinov, P.I., Grishchenko, M.Y., and Varentsov, M.I., Mapping urban heat islands of Arctic cities using combined data on field measurements and satellite images based on the example of the city of Apatity (Murmansk Oblast), Izv., Atmos. Ocean. Phys., 2015, vol. 51, no. 9, pp. 992–998.
Konstantinov, P., Varentsov, M., and Esau, I., A high density urban temperature network deployed in several cities of Eurasian Arctic, Environ. Res. Lett., 2018, vol. 13, no. 7, 75007. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aacb84
Kriksunov, L.Z., Spravochnik po osnovam infrakrasnoi tekhniki (Handbook of the Basics of Infrared Technology), Moscow: Sovetskoe radio, 1978.
Landsberg, G.E., The Urban Climate, New York: Academic, 1981; Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1983.
Malevich, S.B. and Klink, K., Relationships between snow and the wintertime Minneapolis urban heat island, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 2011, vol. 50, no. 9, pp. 1884–1894. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-11-05.1
Mathew, A., Khandelwal, S., and Kaul, N., Analysis of diurnal surface temperature variations for the assessment of surface urban heat island effect over Indian cities, Energy Build., 2018, vol. 159, pp. 271–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.10.062
Miles, V. and Esau, I., Seasonal and spatial characteristics of urban heat islands (UHIs) in northern West Siberian cities, Remote Sens., 2017, vol. 9, no. 10, id 989. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9100989
Mironova, V., Shartova, N., Beljaev, A., Varentsov, M., and Grishchenko, M., Effects of climate change and heterogeneity of local climates on the development of malaria parasite (Plasmodium vivax) in Moscow megacity region, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 2019, vol. 16, no. 5, id 694. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050694
Niclos, R., Valiente, J.A., Barbera, M.J., and Caselles, V., Land surface air temperature retrieval from EOS-MODIS images, IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett., 2014, vol. 11, no. 8, pp. 1380–1384. https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2013.2293540
Ojeh, V., Balogun, A., and Okhimamhe, A., Urban–rural temperature differences in Lagos, Climate, 2016, vol. 4, no. 2, id 29. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli4020029
Oke, T.R., Mills, G., Christen, A., and Voogt, J.A., Urban Climates, Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139016476.
Rosas, J., Houborg, R., and McCabe, M.F., Sensitivity of Landsat 8 surface temperature estimates to atmospheric profile data: A study using MODTRAN in dryland irrigated systems, Remote Sens., 2017, vol. 9, no. 10, pp. 1–27. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9100988
Rouse, W.R., Microclimate at arctic tree line 1. Radiation balance of tundra and forest, Water Resour. Res., 1984, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 57–66. https://doi.org/10.1029/WR020i001p00057
Shahraiyni, H.T. and Sodoudi, S., High-resolution air temperature mapping in urban areas, Therm. Sci., 2017, vol. 21, no. 6A, pp. 2267–2286. https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI150922094T
Shandas, V., Voelkel, J., Williams, J., and Hoffman, J., Integrating satellite and ground measurements for predicting locations of extreme urban heat, Climate, 2019, vol. 7, no. 1, id 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli7010005
Sheng, L., Tang, X., You, H., Gu, Q., and Hu, H., Comparison of the urban heat island intensity quantified by using air temperature and Landsat land surface temperature in Hangzhou, China, Ecol. Indic., 2017, vol. 72, pp. 738–746. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.09.009
Stankevich, S.A., Filippovich, V.E., Lubskii, N.S., Krylova, A.B., Kritsuk, S.G., and Brovkina, O.V., Intercalibration of the methods for retrieval of thermodynamic temperature of urbanized area surfaces from thermal space imagery, Ukr. Zh. Distantsionnogo Zondirovaniya Zemli, 2015, vol. 7, pp. 12–21.
Sun, H., Chen, Y., and Zhan, W., Comparing surface- and canopy-layer urban heat islands over Beijing using MODIS data, Int. J. Remote Sens., 2015, vol. 36, no. 21, pp. 5448–5465. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2015.1101504
Svensson, M.K. and Eliasson, I., Diurnal air temperatures in built-up areas in relation to urban planning, Landscape Urban Plann., 2002, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 37–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(02)00076-2
Trinh, L.H., Terekhin, E.A., and Vu, D.T., Remote sensing methods for determining land surface emissivity from Landsat multispectral imagery (the case study of Bac Binh district, Binh Thuan province, Vietnam), Sovrem. Probl. Distantsionnogo Zondirovaniya Zemli Kosmosa, 2015, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 59–68.
Varentsov, M.I., Konstantinov, P.I., Samsonov, T.E., and Repina, I.A., Investigation of the urban heat island phenomenon during polar night with the help of experimental measurements and remote sensing in the city of Norilsk, Sovrem. Probl. Distantsionnogo Zondirovaniya Zemli Kosmosa, 2014, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 329–337.
Varentsov, M., Konstantinov, P., Baklanov, A., Esau, I., Miles, V., and Davy, R., Anthropogenic and natural drivers of a strong winter urban heat island in a typical Arctic city, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2018, vol. 18, no. 23, pp. 17573–17587. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-17573-2018
Varentsov, M.I., Grishchenko, M.Y., and Wouters, H., Simultaneous assessment of the summer urban heat island in Moscow megacity based on in situ observations, thermal satellite images and mesoscale modeling, Geogr. Environ. Sustain., 2019, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 74–95. https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2019-10
Voogt, J.A. and Oke, T.R., Thermal remote sensing of urban climates, Remote Sens. Environ., 2003, vol. 86, no. 3, pp. 370–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(03)00079-8
Wan, Z., New refinements and validation of the collection-6 MODIS land-surface temperature/emissivity product, Remote Sens. Environ., 2014, vol. 140, pp. 36–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2013.08.027
Wan, Z., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Q., and Li, Z.L., Quality assessment and validation of the MODIS global land surface temperature, Int. J. Remote Sens., 2004, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 261–274. https://doi.org/10.1080/0143116031000116417
Warren, S.G., Optical properties of snow, Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., 1982, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 67–89. https://doi.org/10.1029/RG020i001p00067
Weng, Q., Thermal infrared remote sensing for urban climate and environmental studies: Methods, applications, and trends, ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens., 2009, vol. 64, no. 4, pp. 335–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2009.03.007
Wetzel, C. and Brümmer, B., An Arctic inversion climatology based on the European Centre Reanalysis ERA-40, Meteorol. Z., 2011, vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 589–600. https://doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2011/0295
Xiong, Y. and Chen, F., Correlation analysis between temperatures from Landsat thermal infrared retrievals and synchronous weather observations in Shenzhen, China, Remote Sens. Appl. Soc. Environ., 2017, vol. 7, pp. 40–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2017.06.002
Funding
This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project nos. 18-05-00715 A and 20-55-71004 Arktika_t.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Additional information
Translated by V. Arutyunyan
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Varentsov, M.I., Grischenko, M.Y. & Konstantinov, P.I. Comparison between In Situ and Satellite Multiscale Temperature Data for Russian Arctic Cities for Winter Conditions. Izv. Atmos. Ocean. Phys. 57, 1087–1097 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001433821090668
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001433821090668