Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

On Evaluating the Depth of Soil Freezing Based on SMOS Satellite Data

  • PHYSICAL FOUNDATION OF EARTH OBSERVATION AND REMOTE SENSING
  • Published:
Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The results of a comparative analysis of the brightness temperatures obtained by the SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) satellite and the soil-freezing depths corresponding to them, which were measured at weather stations located on test sites of the Kulunda plain, are presented. Based on daily satellite measurements of brightness temperatures, the influence of soil-freezing processes on the microwave radiation of the underlying surface has been studied. Using a model of microwave radiation of a plane-layered inhomogeneous nonisothermal medium, a theoretical calculation of the dependence of the brightness temperature of the soil on the depth of freezing has been performed. Real soil parameters of the Kulunda plain and climatic characteristics of the studied areas obtained at weather stations during the same period were used as input parameters of the model. According to the analysis of satellite and field data, as well as model calculations, it follows that, to estimate the depth of freezing of the soil from daily satellite microwave radiometry data, it is necessary to know the date on which the freezing of the soil cover begins, as well as the dielectric characteristics of frozen and unfrozen soil in those areas where the SMOS product is issued by brightness temperature. Based on satellite data and a model of microwave radiation of the soil with the upper frozen layer, a method for determining the depth of freezing of the soil cover is proposed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 7.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  1. Bogorodskii, V.V., Kozlov, A.I., and Tuchkov, L.T., Radioteplovoe izluchenie zemnykh pokrovov (Radiothermal Radiation of Terrestrial Covers), Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1977.

  2. Boyarskii, D.A. and Tikhonov, V.V., Bound water influence of dielectric permeability of wet and frozen soils, Preprint of Space Research Institute, Russ. Acad. Sci., Moscow, 2003, no. Pr-2084.

  3. Boyarskii, D.A. and Tikhonov, V.V., Effective permittivity microwave model for wet and frozen soils, J. Commun. Technol. Electron., 1995, vol. 40, no. 9, pp. 51–54.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Boyarskii, D.A., Tikhonov, V.V., and Komarova, N.Yu., Model of dielectric constant of bound water in soil for applications of microwave remote sensing, Prog. Electromagn. Res., 2002, vol. 35, pp. 251–269.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Gutierrez, A. and Castro, R., SMOS L1 Processor L1c Data Processing Model, SO-DS-DME-L1PP-0009, no. 2.7. 31, May 2010. http://www.smos.com.pt/downloads/release/documents/SO-DS-DME-L1PP-0009-DPM-L1c.pdf.

  6. Han, L., Tsunekawa, A., and Tsubo, M., Monitoring near-surface soil freeze-thaw cycles in northern China and Mongolia from 1998 to 2007, Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf., 2010, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 375–384.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Jin, R., Li, X., and Che, T., A decision tree algorithm for surface soil freeze/thaw classification over China using SSM/I brightness temperature, Remote Sens. Environ., 2009, vol. 113, no. 12, pp. 2651–2660.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Kalantari, P., Bernier, M., McDonal, K.C., and Poulin, J., Using SMOS passive microwave data to develop SMAP freeze/thaw algorithms adapted for the Canadian subarctic, International Conference on Sensors and Models in Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, 2015, vol. 41, no. W5, pp. 365–368.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Kaurichev, I.S. and Gromyko, I.D., Atlas pochv SSSR (Atlas of the USSR Soils), Moscow: Kolos, 1974.

  10. Klepikov, I.N. and Sharkov, E.A., Radiation of inhomogeneous nonisothermal media, Preprint of Space Research Institute, Russ. Acad. Sci., Moscow, 1983, no. Pr-801.

  11. Leroux, D.J., Kerr, Y.H., Richaume, P., and Fieuzal, R., Spatial distribution and possible sources of SMOS errors at the global scale, Remote Sens. Environ., 2013, vol. 133, pp. 240–250.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Montpetit, B., Royer, A., Roy, A., and Langlois, A., In-situ passive microwave emission model parameterization of sub-arctic frozen organic soils, Remote Sens. Environ., 2018, vol. 205, pp. 112–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Njoku, E.C. and Kong, J.A., Theory for passive microwave remote sensing of near-surface soil moisture, J. Geophys. Res., 1977, vol. 82, no. 20, pp. 3108–3118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Pinori, S., Crapolicchio, R., and Mecklenburg, S., Preparing the ESA-SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) mission—Overview of the user data products and data distribution strategy, Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of the Environment, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1109/MICRAD.2008.4579480

    Book  Google Scholar 

  15. Rautiainen, K., Lemmetyinen, J., Schwank, M., Kontu, A., and Pulliainen, J., Detection of soil freezing from L‑band passive microwave observations, Remote Sens. Environ., 2014, vol. 147, pp. 206–218.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Rautiainen, K., Parkkinen, T., Lemmetyinen, J., Schwank, M., Wiesmann, A., Ikonen, J., Derksen, C., Davydov, S., Davydova, A., Boike, J., Langer, M., Drusc, M., and Pulliainen, J., SMOS prototype algorithm for detecting autumn soil freezing, Remote Sens. Environ., 2016, vol. 180, pp. 346–360.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Sahr, K., White, D., and Kimerling, A.J., Geodesic discrete global grid systems, Cartogr. Geogr. Inf. Sci., 2003, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 121–134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Schwank, M., Stahli, M., Wydler, H., et al., Microwave L‑band emission of freezing soil, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 2004, vol. 42, no. 6, pp. 1252–1261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Schwank, M., Rautiainen, K., Matzler, C., Stahli, M., and Wegmuller, U., Model for microwave emission of a snow-covered ground with focus on L band, Remote Sens. Environ., 2014, vol. 154, pp. 180–191.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Sharkov, E.A., Passive Microwave Remote Sensing of the Earth: Physical Foundations, Berlin: Springer, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Shati, F., Prakash, S., Norouzi, H., and Blake, R., Assessment of differences between near-surface air and soil temperatures for reliable detection of high-latitude freeze and thaw states, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 2018, vol. 145, pp. 86–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Song, L., Zhang, X., and Li, H., Dielectric constants of deep frozen clay soils of Longgu mine (0.1~1 GHz), Procedia Earth Planet. Sci., 2009, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 519–523.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Tatarintsev, V.L., Granulometry of agricultural soils of the south of Western Siberia and their physical state, Extended Abstract of Dr. Sci. (Agric. Sci.) Dissertation, Barnaul: Altai State Agrarian University, 2008.

  24. Zhang, T. and Armstrong, R.L., Soil freeze/thaw cycles over snow-free land detected by passive microwave remote sensing, Geophys. Res. Lett., 2001, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 763–766.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Zhang, L.X., Zhao, K.G., Zhu, Y., et al., Simulated radiation characteristics of frozen soil surface at typical microwave bands, IEEE Int. Geosci. Remote Sens. Symp., Anchorage, 2004, pp. 20–24.

  26. Zhao, T., Shi, J., and Zhang, L., 4.13, Surface soil freeze/thaw state, Environ. Sci. Compr. Remote Sens., 2018, vol. 4, pp. 315–332.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This work was supported under the topic “Monitoring” (State assignment on the subject of fundamental scientific research, state registration no. 01.20.0.2.00164) (V.V. Tikhonov and E.A. Sharkov). The study of snow cover and its influence on microwave radiation of frozen soil was partially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR grant no. 18-05-00440) (D.A. Boyarskii).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Space Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russia

    D. A. Boyarskii, V. V. Tikhonov & E. A. Sharkov

  2. Institute for Water and Environmental Problems, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 656038, Barnaul, Russia

    A. N. Romanov & I. V. Khvostov

  3. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700, Dolgoprudny, Russia

    V. V. Tikhonov

Authors
  1. D. A. Boyarskii
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. N. Romanov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. I. V. Khvostov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. V. V. Tikhonov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. E. A. Sharkov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to D. A. Boyarskii.

Ethics declarations

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Translated by V. Selikhanovich

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Boyarskii, D.A., Romanov, A.N., Khvostov, I.V. et al. On Evaluating the Depth of Soil Freezing Based on SMOS Satellite Data. Izv. Atmos. Ocean. Phys. 55, 996–1004 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001433819090147

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001433819090147

Keywords:

Search

Navigation