Abstract—
The problem of surface-pressure perturbations caused by a moving nonstationary heat source (localized along one horizontal coordinate and periodic along the other) is considered. Pressure perturbations are associated with internal gravity waves (IGWs). It is shown that, during the source movement throughout a finite-height atmospheric layer (atmospheric waveguide), when a discrete set of vertical IGW modes is excited, there may be three types of time surface-pressure variations at a fixed observation point. A time amplitude-modulated signal; a Doppler frequency-modulated signal; and a signal that occurs only after the passage of the source correspond to these three types, respectively. Each of these types is implemented for certain source oscillation frequencies and Mach numbers (ratio between the movement rate of source and the phase velocity of IGWs). At \(M < 1\), a nonstationary source always excites wave precursors—disturbances observed before the source arrival. The movement of the source in a semi-infinite atmosphere leads to additional generation of waves that transport energy into the upper atmospheric layers.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
T. H. Georges, “Infrasound from convective storms,” Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 11 (3), 571–593 (1973).
Natural Hazards in Russia, Vol. 5: Hydrometeorological Hazards, Ed. by G. S. Golitsyn and A. A. Vasil’ev (Kruk, Moscow, 2001) [in Russian].
D. C. Fritts and M. J. Alexander, “Gravity wave dynamics and effects in the middle atmosphere,” Rev. Geophys. 41 (1), 1–64 (2003).
D. A. Schecter, M. Nicholls, J. Persing, A. J. Bedard, and R. A. Pielke, “Infrasound emitted by tornado-like vortices: Basic theory and a numerical comparison to the acoustic radiation of a single-cell thunderstorm,” J. Atmos. Sci. 65, 685–713 (2008).
R. Plougonven and F. Zhang, “Internal gravity waves from atmospheric jets and fronts,” Rev. Geophys. 52, 33–76 (2014).
S. N. Kulichkov, S. D. Danilov, A. I. Grachev, A. I. Otrezov, A. I. Svertilov, and I. P. Chunchuzov, Preprint (Institute of Atmospheric Physics, USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 1992).
A. I. Grachev, S. D. Danilov, S. N. Kulichkov, and A. I. Svertilov, “Main characteristics of internal gravity waves in the lower atmosphere due to convective storms,” Izv. Ross. Akad. Nauk: Fiz. Atmos. Okeana 10 (6), 759–767 (1994).
A. I. Grachev, S. N. Kulichkov, and A. I. Otrezov, “Spectral properties of internal gravity waves from thunderstorms,” Izv., Atmos. Ocean. Phys. 33 (5), 583–591 (1997).
S. N. Kulichkov, I. P. Chunchuzov, O. E. Popov, V. G. Perepelkin, E. V. Golikova, G. A. Bush, I. A. Repina, N. D. Tsybul’skaya, G. I. Gorchakov, and O. G. Chkhetiani, “Influence of internal gravity waves on the concentration of pollutants during the hurricane of May 29, 2017, in Moscow,” Turbulence, Dynamics of the Atmosphere and Climate, Ed. by G. S. Golitsyn, I. I. Mokhov, S. N. Kulichkov, O. G. Chkhetiani, and I. A. Repins (Fizmatkniga, Moscow, 2018), pp. 541–550 [in Russian].
S. N. Kulichkov, N. D. Tsybulskaya, I. P. Chunchuzov, V. A. Gordin, Ph. L. Bykov, A. I. Chulichkov, V. G. Perepelkin, G. A. Bush, and E. V. Golikova, “Studying internal gravity waves generated by atmospheric fronts over the Moscow region,” 53 (4), 402–411 (2017).
G. Whitham, Linear and Nonlinear Waves (Wiley, New York, 1974; Mir, Moscow, 1977).
P. N. Svirkunov and M. V. Kalashnik, “Phase patterns of dispersive waves from moving localized sources,” Phys.-Usp. 57 (1), 80–91 (2014).
V. V. Bulatov and Yu. V. Vladimirov, Waves in Stratified Media (Nauka, Moscow, 2015) [in Russian].
V. V. Bulatov and Yu. V. Vladimirov, “Internal gravity waves excited by a pulsating source of perturbations,” Fluid Dyn. 50 (6), 741–747.
A. Gill, Atmosphere–Ocean Dynamics (Academic, London, 1982; Mir, Moscow, 1986).
A. N. Tikhonov and A. A. Samarskii, Equations of Mathematical Physics (Nauka, Moscow, 1977) [in Russian].
L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshits, Hydrodynamics (Nauka, Moscow, 1986) [in Russian].
L. T. Matveev, A Course of General Meteorology. Atmospheric Physics (Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, 1984) [in Russian].
N. N. Romanova and I. G. Yakushkin, “Internal gravity waves in the atmosphere and source of their generation (review),” Izv. Ross. Akad. Nauk: Fiz. Atmos. Okeana 31 (2), 163–187 (1995).
M. V. Kalashnik and O. G. Chkhetiani, “Generation of gravity waves by singular potential-vorticity disturbances in shear flows,” J. Atmos. Sci. 74, 293–307 (2017).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We thank L.Kh. Ingel’ for his helpful discussions of the results.
Funding
This work was partially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 18-05-00576, Sections 2 and 5) and Program No. 56 (Sections 3and 4) of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Translated by B. Dribinskaya
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kalashnik, M.V., Kulichkov, S.N. On Pressure Perturbations Caused by a Moving Heat Source of Frontal Type (Hydrostatic Mode). Izv. Atmos. Ocean. Phys. 55, 423–431 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001433819050098
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001433819050098