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Analyzing Conditions for the Occurrence of the Voice of the Sea on the Basis of Infrasound Measurements

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Abstract

Conditions for the occurrence of the “voice of the sea” within the infrasonic range are studied and its parameters are determined from measurements performed in the waters of the Black Sea (2011 and 2016) and the Sea of Okhotsk (2017). Different parameters (mean correlations, acoustic-arrival spectra, directions, and phase velocities) of high-frequency infrasounds (1–10 Hz) recorded during the 2011 and 2016 experiments carried out in Katsiveli (Crimea) are compared. Wind conditions over the Black Sea waters and the conditions of propagation of acoustic waves along the direction of their arrivals during these measurements have been studied in detail. In both cases, atmospheric vortices are observed in the direction of infrasound arrivals, which cause the wind to change its direction over the sea surface. The interaction between two oppositely directed atmospheric vortices (according to data obtained in 2011) and a vortex observed to the west of the recording point (according to data obtained in 2016) result in the generation of infrasounds. The generation of microbaroms and the voice of the sea due to wind-direction variations, which cause the nonlinear interaction of surface waves propagating in opposite directions and the formation of their 2nd harmonics in the form of standing surface waves, is discussed. The most probable regions of infrasound generation are determined from an analysis of the profiles of wind velocity and direction along the path of infrasound arrivals and acoustic-pressure fields calculated using the parabolic-equation method according to the \({{C}_{{{\text{eff}}}}}\) profiles in the direction of infrasound propagation. In both cases, these regions coincide with zones in which the wind velocity had dropped to zero and the wind direction had reversed. The infrasound within a microbarom frequency range of 0.2–0.3 Hz and the (higher frequency) sea voice with a mean frequency of 5.5 Hz, which were simultaneously recorded from the same direction, are given as an example.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank Jelle Assink for the profiles of wind velocity and temperature over Crimea and colleagues from the Marine Hydrophysical Institute for data on wind waves over the Black Sea waters.

This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project nos. 15-05-03461 (Section 3), 16-05-00438 (Section 4), and 18-05-00576 (Sections 1, 2, 5).

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Correspondence to V. G. Perepelkin.

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Translated by B. Dribinskaya

APPENDIX

APPENDIX

1.1 SOME RESULTS FROM INFRASOUND MEASUREMENTS ON THE COAST OF THE SEA OF OKHOTSK IN SEPTEMBER 2017

These measurements were performed on the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk in September 2017. They significantly differed from those performed in 2011 and 2016 in Katsiveli, first by the triangular-antenna aperture, which was markedly larger (50–100 m) than that used in Katsiveli (10–15 m), and second by new Bruel&Kjaer microphones (No. 4964) with a lower frequency limit of 0.02 Hz. This made it possible to filter records in two frequency ranges: 0.05–0.5 Hz (microbaroms) and 1–10 Hz. The data processing was quite similar to that used in the Katsiveli experiments.

Figures 9 (0.05–0.5 Hz) and 10 (1–10 Hz) give the results of the processed records obtained on the night of September 12, 2017, by the triangular-antenna microphones. That night, a typhoon was approaching the coast, and it reached the measurement site approximately at 14:00–15:00. The calm before the typhoon provided almost ideal conditions for infrasound recording. In our opinion, the atmospheric conditions were favorable for microbarom generation.

In fact, Fig. 9a (0.05–0.5 Hz) shows many acoustic signals (resembling microbaroms) arriving from eastern directions (with a mean frequency of 0.276 Hz). About 85% of these arrivals are within an azimuthal sector of 60°–120°. Figure 10a (1–10 Hz) also shows the arrivals from this azimuthal sector, but their number is significantly smaller, because many of these arrivals within this frequency range are masked by arrivals from western and southwestern directions, which are apparently of anthropogenic origin.

The basic parameters of the arrivals within an azimuthal sector of 60°–120° for 0.05–0.5 Hz (Fig. 9b) and 1–10 Hz (Fig.10b) were compared. Despite the fact that, in the latter case, only about 7% of the arrivals were recorded within this frequency range, they are rather uniformly distributed over the entire time interval, which suggests that, during this measurement run, this signal was constant. The basic averaged parameters of the signal arriving from an azimuthal sector of 60°–120° for low (0.05–0.5 Hz) and high (1–10 Hz) frequencies are as follows: 338 ± 47 and 318 ± 16 m/s (phase velocity), 101 ± 11 and 99 ± 9 degrees (azimuth), 0.275 ± 0.129 and 5.43 ± 2.56 Hz (frequency), and 0.0037 ± 0.001 and 0.0008 ± 0.0002 Pa (amplitude), respectively.

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Perepelkin, V.G., Chunchuzov, I.P., Kulichkov, S.N. et al. Analyzing Conditions for the Occurrence of the Voice of the Sea on the Basis of Infrasound Measurements. Izv. Atmos. Ocean. Phys. 55, 73–85 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001433819010079

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