Abstract
It is shown that the thermodynamically equilibrium state of a system of small metal particles placed in a dielectric matrix are unavoidably charged. The charge of spherical metal particles with different radii is calculated at low temperatures. Hopping transport in a system of metal particles is studied. It is shown that it is limited by the charging energy, which serves as a typical hopping energy and can be gapless.
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Pis’ma Zh. Éksp. Teor. Fiz. 70, No. 8, 510–515 (25 October 1999)