Abstract
We consider the problem of a hydrogen atom in a superstrong magnetic field, B≫ B a =2.35×109 G. The analytical formulas that describe the energy spectrum of this atom are derived for states with various quantum numbers n ρ and m. A comparison with available calculations shows their high accuracy for B≫B a . We note that the derived formulas point to a manifestation of the Zeldovich effect, i.e., a rearrangement of the atomic spectrum under the influence of strong short-range Coulomb potential distortion. We discuss the relativistic corrections to level energies, which increase in importance with magnetic field and become significant for B≳1014 G. We suggest the parameters in terms of which the Zeldovich effect has the simplest form. Analysis of our precision numerical calculations of the energy spectrum for a hydrogen atom in a constant magnetic field indicates that the Zeldovich effect is observed in the spectrum of atomic levels for superstrong fields, B≳5×1011 G. Magnetic fields of such strength exist in neutron stars and, possibly, in magnetic white dwarfs. We set lower limits for the fields B min required for the manifestation of this effect. We discuss some of the properties of atomic states in a superstrong magnetic field, including their mean radii and quadrupole moments. We calculated the probabilities of electric dipole transitions between odd atomic levels and a deep ground level.
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Translated from Zhurnal Éksperimental’no\(\overset{\lower0.5em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\smile}$}}{l}\) i Teoretichesko\(\overset{\lower0.5em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\smile}$}}{l}\) Fiziki, Vol. 124, No. 5, 2003, pp. 996–1022.
Original Russian Text Copyright © 2003 by Karnakov, Popov.
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Karnakov, B.M., Popov, V.S. A hydrogen atom in a superstrong magnetic field and the Zeldovich effect. J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 97, 890–914 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1134/1.1633946
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/1.1633946